The Great Tournament of Mar del Plata 1941

  

   The tournaments in Mar del Plata started in 1928, but only in the period from 1941 to 1970 was it a truly international tournament with a considerable reputation. After 1970, only seven international tournaments have been played: 1951, 1954, 1969 and 2001, all zonal tournaments. There was also a zonal tournament for women in Mar del Plata, in 1969. In 1967 the first edition of the open tournament was organized and in 1969 it became an annual event.
     Take a gander at some of the winners between the years 1941 and 1970: Stahlberg, Najdorf (first or equal first 11 times!), Eliskases, Rossetto, Julio Bolbocan, Gligorich, Panno, Ivkov, Keres, Larsen, Pachman, Spassky, Fischer, Polugayevsky and Smyslov. Impressive.
     The 1941 tournament was played in March of that year and is regarded as the fourth because the first three Mar del Plata international tournaments (1928, 1934, 1936) were regarded as the third, fourth, and sixth South American Championship.
     After the 8th Chess Olympiad at Buenos Aires 1939, many participants had decided to stay in Argentina due to outbreak of World War II and so the 1941 tournament therefore included eleven refugees from Europe and two players affected by issues arising out of the British Mandate of Palestine.

1) Gideon Ståhlberg, Sweden, 13.0
2) Miguel Najdorf, Poland, 12.5
3) Erich Eliskases, Austria, 11.5
4-5) Ludwig Engels, Germany and Paulino Frydman, Poland 11.0
6-8) Moshe Czerniak, Palestine, Movsas Feigins, Latvia and Carlos Guimard Argentina 9.5
9) Julio Bolbochan, Argentina 9.0
10-12) Paul Michel, Germany, Argentina, Franciszek Sulik, Poland and Juan Vinuesa, Argentina 8.0
13) Jacobo Bolbochan, Argentina 7.5
14) Ilmar Raud, Estonia 6.5
15) Juan Traian Iliesco, Romania 6.0
16) Markas Luckis, Lithuania 5.5
17) Victor Winz, Germany 4.5
18) Sonja Graf, Germany 2.5

     After the war several players ended up citizens of other countries: Najdorf, Eliskases, Frydman, Feigens, Michel, Sulik, Raud, Iliesco, Luos and Winz all remained in Argentina. Engels in Brazil. Czerniak in Israel, Sulik in Australia and Graf in the United States. 
    In 1941, on the eve of America's entry to World War II, President Franklin Roosevelt wanted to curb the influence of Nazis and fascists in South America, so he enlisted someone who embodied the American capitalist spirit. He sent Walt Disney on a public relations mission to South America along with a group of artists, writers and musicians.
     Some of the fascist newspapers, particularly in Argentina, were laying in wait for the Disney party to show up because they wanted to show that Disney was an insensitive, capitalist boss because his workers back in California were on strike. But it didn't work because the popularity of the Disney films of that time in Latin America was phenomenal. One thing Disney had done that helped the popularity of his productions was find a comparative voice that fit the character of whoever it was in the film.
 

    One of the 1941 issues of Life magazine had a story on Carmen Pueyrredon, the number one debutante of Argentina who was spending the summer at exclusive Mar del Plata. Senorita Pueyrredon had made her debut at a magnificent costume ball in Buenos and her father was a painter of some ability whose income came from cattle and wheat ranches and real estate. Her uncle was the popular mayor of Buenos Aires who was nicknamed “Fiorello” because of his admiration of New York city's mayor. Carmen spent her time going to the beach between 10:30 and noon, lunching at the golf club and attending tea dances. Sometimes in the early evening she played roulette at the casino. Never alone with a man, she and her friends always went in groups of at least six and, of course, were accompanied by a chaperon. At the age of 17 she expected to marry soon, retire and within the next 8-10 years have children.
 

Life on the beach at Mar del Plata 1941

    Apparently life wasn't too bad in Argentina during the war even though German influence was strong, mainly due to the presence of a large number of German immigrants and Argentina's traditional rivalry with Great Britain. Because of the close ties with Germany, Argentina remained neutral for most of World War II, despite internal disputes and pressure from the United States to join the Allies. However, Argentina eventually gave in to the Allies' pressure, broke relations with the Axis powers on January 26, 1944 and declared war on March 27, 1945. In 1945-46, under Juan Peron's leadership the government quietly allowed entry of a number of Nazi leaders fleeing Europe after Germany's collapse. In May 1960, Adolf Eichmann was captured in Argentina by the Israeli Mossad and brought to trial and hanged in Israel. If you're interested in an intriguing book on the capture of Eichmann, The House on Garibaldi Street is worth reading if you can find it.
     Moshe Czerniak (February 3, 1910 – August 31, 1984) was a Polish-Israeli International Master. In 1934 he emigrated from Poland to Palestine (then the British Mandate). In September 1939, when World War II broke out, Czerniak, along with many other participants in the 8th Chess Olympiad, decided to stay in Argentina. In 1950 Czerniak settled in Israel. He wrote many chess books in three languages and 1956 he founded the first Israeli chess magazine 64 Squares.
     Juan Iliesco was born Ion Iliescu April 18, 1898 in Romania; he died February 2, 1968 in La Plata, Argentina. Beginning in 1931 he played in several Argentine and finished first in 1939 but he could not be awarded the title because he was a Romanian citizen. He finished first again in 1943 and because the rules had changed he was awarded the title even though he was still a Romanian citizen. By 1944 he had become a citizen of Argentina.
     The following game between these two was most fascinating. Czerniak chose an unusual opening variation (8.Be3) that blocked his e-Pawn and by move 20 a very delicately balance position was reached. However, Czerniak made a tiny positional mistake when he retreated his B to the wrong square and suddenly Iliesco's pieces came to life. Czerniak wasn't done though; he set a wily trap on move 33, but his opponent avoided it and proceeded to mop up in an efficient manner.

First Ohio State Championship 1887

 

     The Best Ever Sports Talk Blog has an excellent history of the Ohio Chess Championship, but gives scant information prior to 1945. Recently on Google books I discovered a small digitized publication titled Ohio Chess Association which includes the first meeting, constitution and details of the first state championship held back in 1887.
     In the fall of 1886 three clubs appointed committees to take steps to form a State Chess Association. The committee held several meetings and sent a circular to every known chess club and player in the state in which they stated their desire to promote the game, organize a state championship and other tournaments, etc. Ohio players were invited to a convention in Cincinnati on February 22, 1887 to form the association.
     There was enthusiastic response and at the appointed time a group met at the Queen City Chess and Checker Club and the committee had already planned for a championship tournament to be held during the meeting. They recommended that future championship tournaments be round robins, but for convenience this first was a knockout event.
     Lots were drawn with number 1 playing number 2, etc. with the odd numbers having white. When games were finished the result and the opening had to be reported. The loser was “excluded from further participation in the tournament.”  In the case of draws both players were allowed to play the next round as though they had won. As soon as a game was finished lots were drawn again and play continued as before until there was one winner or until the convention was over.
     There were several rules of play specified, but one was particularly amusing. It was stated that because of the large number of participants and the time for the tournament relatively short, players were reminded not to deliberate too long over their moves and when a drawn or lost position seemed reasonably certain they were expected to recognize the fact and allow the game to be scored accordingly without protracting the game to a finish. Somehow I don't think such a rule would work today.
     Round 1 had 30 players and Round 2 had 15, so one player received a bye. Round 3 had 8 players and because one game was drawn (both players advancing), that meant that by Round 4, six players were left and the results were (bold indicates the winner):

Round 4
E.D. Payne (Dayton) - Thomas Norton (Mt. Auburn)
Victor Abraham (Walnut Hills) – George W. Smith (Mt. Auburn)
Edgar Bettmann (Dayton) – Charles Miller (Cincinnati)

Round 5
Payne – Bettmann (draw)
Smith – bye

Round 6
Bettmann – Smith
Payne - bye

Round 7
Smith - Payne

     Thus George W. Smith with a score of +5 -0 =1 won the first championship with Edgar Bettmann and E.D. Payne tied for second and third. Interestingly, of the 32 games played, only three were drawn.
     As the tournament officials made no provisions for collecting the game scores only seven games of a few of the more prominent players survived. They were not of a particularly high quality and the deciding last round game between Smith and Payne was disappointing because in a position where Smith held only a small advantage, Payne hung a R and resigned. One of the better games was the following sixth round game between Bettmann and Smith.
     The September, 1890 edition of Oberlin College's Oberlin Review carried a short article on the Ohio Chess Association which sheds some light on George W. Smith. The OCA was scheduled to hold its fifth annual meeting in Cleveland on February 24, 1891 and there would be two tournaments, one open to all (called a free-for-all) and one to representatives of clubs or communities having at least ten OCA members or any player who had previously won an OCA tournament. Annual OCA dues were one dollar. The article stated that if ten persons from Oberlin College joined the OCA they could have a representative in the championship section. The only stipulation for OCA membership was that besides having a dollar, you had to be of good character.
     The article stated that many would ask of what use chess was and that even though the tournament was near home, they might consider that there was little value in participating. It complained that “materialists” were trying to “batter down the walls” of colleges to “turn boys from the study of the classics and higher mathematics” and instead make “farmers, stockmen, miners, manufactures and peddlers of all kinds.”
     But, it pointed out that, “Experience teaches that a college boy, who gives attention to chess, is superior to the average student.” It was claimed that many college professors were so convinced of the value of chess that is was likely to be added to the elective courses in regular college curriculums. Professor George W. Smith, formerly of Cincinnati and the first Ohio Champion, made it a practice for many years to select a few of the best students in his math classes and devote an hour or two each week to teaching them chess. One of Smith's students, William Strunk, Jr., finished second in the first tournament he played in as a Sophomore. And, James F. Burns, a student at Ohio State University, won the open tournament in 1889.

Queen Alice and Chess Hotel Updates

 

     Three years ago I posted that Queen Alice was the site I played on when I wanted to play CC without an engine, but had not played there for over a year. I quit playing there about a year before the post because the server went down and I had a couple of tournaments that got wiped out. The site owner appears to have abandoned the site as his last post, as near as I could tell when I visited it the other day, was about 10 years ago! Nevertheless, after several attempts I remembered my old password and logged in just to see what was going on. The forums don't seem to be anywhere nearly as active as they were when I played on the site. The day I dropped by 21 members had been active on the site within the last 5 minutes. By comparison, when I logged in at Lechenicher Schach Server, 28 players had been active in the last 10 minutes. Queen Alice had a total of 968 member visits within the last week, so it appears that the site is still running well enough. I am not sure of the total number of players, but 75 of them are rated over 2400. Of course, that has nothing to do with real ratings and the top player's score is +773 -13 =33. At the time I played engine users were not too prevalent, but that has probably changed. In any case, it still looks like it might be a decent place to play if you are looking for a correspondence game on a good free site.
     About six years ago I posted about Chess Hotel, a quick and easy place to sign in and play in real time. As I mentioned on the post, I played 5 or 6 games there which were against very weak opponents. At Chess Hotel you can play regular chess in real time at a various time limits. Fischer Random (chess960) is also available. If you want to register you will receive a free account that keeps you games and statistics. 
     The other day I visited it for the first time since making that post six years ago and played a several 5 minute plus 3 seconds per move games and did not have to wait for more that 30 seconds for the game to be accepted. As a guest you're assigned a 1200 rating and most of your opponents, also guests, will be in that range. The ratings are meaningless and I played a couple of very bad players, but was pleasantly surprised to play several who were quite challenging.
     Both sites appear to be in good working order and if you are looking for free site then either Queen Alice for correspondence or Chess Hotel for real time both seem decent choices. The following 5-minute plus 3 seconds per move played on Chess Hotel turned out to be quite interesting.

1921 Ohio Championship

 

Downtown Cleveland in 1921

    Twenty players gathered at the City Club of Cleveland from February 22-28, 1921. On October 27, 1912, The City Club of Cleveland was formed and incorporated by five men: H. Melvin Roberts, Walter L. Flory, Edward M. Baker, John A. Alburn, and Mayo Fesler. In May 1913, the City Club established its first home above Weber's restaurant, just off Public Square on the south side of Superior Avenue and City Hall, before moving into the City Club Building in 1983. Since 1912, the Club has served as one of the country's oldest, non-partisan, and continuously operating free speech forum and has hosted speakers such as Babe Ruth, Franklin D. Roosevelt, Shirley MacLaine, Eliot Ness, Rosa Parks, Robert F. Kennedy, Bill Clinton, George W. Bush, and Archbishop Desmond Tutu, among thousands of others.
     The competitors in the knockout affair were I. Spero, E.E. Stearns, E.W. Christian, W.J. Huske, W.R. Mott, W.S. Kupfer, J.J. Hoornstra, L.W. Emery, E.N. Moore, E. Seaver, F.W. Ballard, W.L. Hughes, M.A. Goldsmith, J.B. Clough, G. King, A.D. Hillyar, D.L. Ordway and G.W. Hanna.
     In the semi-fianls Sterns defeated Huske 2-0 and Spero defeated Christian 2-1. The final match for the championship between Spero, the reigning Cleveland city champion, and Strearns was close. Their first game was a 78 move draw. Spero won the second in 74 moves while Stearns took the third game in 73 moves. The following game was the final game in the match for the state championship.
     Dr. Elliott E. Stearns, a Yale graduate, was born October 7, 1891 and died at the age of 77 on June 23, 1969. For many years Stearns was a prominent players from Cleveland. Stearns lost to Capablanca in a Cleveland exhibition in February 1922, but later that year had won a game against him in another. On a later occasion he lost another game to Capa.
     Irving Spero was born in Poland June 15, 1892, but I was unable to determine when he arrived in the US. At some point he moved to California because his name turns up in accounts of events at the Mechanics' Institute Chess Club in San Francisco as early as 1930. He was strong enough that in 1934 he gave a 10-board simultaneous exhibition at the Hollywood Chess Club and scored 9 wins and 1 loss. He died at the age of 63 on August 17, 1955.

History of the ICCF

Dr. Hornstein and his wife in 1959

     The International Correspondence Chess Federation was founded in 1951. Before that, in Berlin in 1928, several European countries formed the International Fernschachbund. Between 1928 and 1939 their championship tournaments featured not only the best postal player but OTB players like Paul Keres, Erich Eliskases and Dr. Milan Vidmar.
     In 1935 the IFSB began holding postal Olympiads, or team championships. In 1937 Alekhine, well known for postal play in his youth, suggested a a world correspondence championship be held starting in 1940, but World War II came along. With almost no postal play taking place during the war, it wasn't until December, 1945 that the IFSB was resurrected, but in the form of the International Correspondence Chess Association. During the remainder of the 1940s the ICCA offered tournaments organized into several classes as well as endgame tournaments in which games started from specific positions.
     The first ICCA magazine, ICCA Resume, advertised a world championship tournament beginning in June of 1947. Before that could happen volunteers disappeared due to what the British referred to as “internal strains.” The magazine, now renamed Chess Mail, ceased publication and for several months things ground to a halt. Since the British had been handling most of the ICCA's administration several British players got together and drafted a new Constitution and in the spring of 1951 there was a meeting in London and the new organization was named the Internatioal Correspondence Chess Federation and Chess Mail was the magazine.
     German was selected as the official language and the German postal club BdF began running the European tournaments. The German magazine Fernschach had ceased publication in 1939, but it was restarted in 1951 and in 1956 it became the official ICCF publication.
     In this game the players were K. Kausek, a member of the Czechoslovak teams that were very successful in the CC Olympiads. They finished second in the First Olympiad (1949-1952) and were winners in the Second Olympiad (1952-1955). The players were Paroulek, Hukel, Kausek, Borsony, Olexa, and Skrovina, with Karel Prucha as Team Captain.
     Norman Hornstein (November 27, 1914, New York City - July 26, 1989, Southport, North Carolina) was a medical doctor from Southport, North Carolina and the 1960 North Carolina State Champion. In 1967, his home was destroyed in a fire. Lost in the blaze was an estimated $70,000 worth of art treasures, including the entire collection of paintings by Hornstein's wife, Gilliam, and 20 watercolors and drawings by famous artist and sculptur Sir Jacob Epstein. Hornstein was admitted to the hospital with burns and other injuries, but the rest of the family escaped unharmed; he made a full recovery.
     Dr. Hornstein was known for his kindness towards his patients and he never turned anyone away just because they could not afford to pay, though sometimes he would receive items for his services. One such item was a skunk.
     His wife, herself a gifted artist, was actively involved in the arts and was one of the founders of the Art Festival in Southport. Some of her artwork was on display in the traveling North Carolina Artists Exhibition. In 1958 she was the women's champion of North and South Carolina.

George N. Cheney – Killed in Battle

 

    Cheney was born in Syracuse, New York on Sunday, April 2, 1837. As a child his school teachers found that he possessed an unusual talent for mathematics. At the age of 13 he he quickly mastered elementary algebra and at the age of 18 he entered an academy connected with New York Central College where there were two algebra classes; one for beginners and one for advanced studies and he joined both. In the advanced class his ability was exceeded by only one student and the president of the academy dubbed Cneney a natural mathematician.
     Cheney and one of his older brothers learned to play chess in 1854 from a book titled Chamber's Information for the People. His eldest brother and a sister also learned how to play, but of the four of them George was the best. While at college he defeated a faculty member who was considered very strong...it was said that Morphy could not have given him Queen odds. In the latter part of 1855 Cheney discoved the chess columns in a couple of newspapers and was inspired to try his hand at composing problems which he began publishing under various nommes de plume.
     In 1856, through his sister Nellie, he became acquainted with Daniel W. Fiske while Fiske was on a visit to his family in Syracuse. At the time Fiske wasn't all that strong, but he was by far the strongest player Cheney had ever encountered and Cheney lost about 18 out of the 20 games they played. But it was through Fiske that Cheney made the acquaintance for several other players and began to delve into problem solving with more earnest. 
     Solving problems helped his progress and when Fiske returned the following year Cheney had improved considerably. It was this visit that resulted in the organization of the chess club in Syracuse. The club members were mostly wealthy, but had little interst in the game because when Fiske returned tp New York the club was mostly deserted. It wasn't until Fiske returned a year later in 1858 and he persuaded the owner of the Syracuse Standard to put a chess column in the paper. The local chess club supplied the type for the column and Cheney was in charge of it for a while until he no longer had the time and W.O. Fiske took over. Fiske held that position until the summer of 1859 when Cheney again took over the chess column, but it lasted only a few more weeks.
     In August of 1858 Syracuse received another visit from Fiske and by this time Cheney succeeded in winning the majority of their games. In 1859 Cheney was in ill health, but made a short visit to New York City and played some 20 games against the city's best player, Theodore Lichtenhein, against whom he was evenly matched, even winning most of their later games. Later, when he was in better health, Cheney played Morphy at Knight odds, winning one and losing one. In the meantime he had also won three prizes in problem solving tourneys.
     When the Civil War broke out in 1861 and President Lincoln called for volunteers Cheney enlisted in the Oonodaga volunteers. Cheney was one of a very small number selected from his regiment to do skirmishing duty at the Battle of Bull Run. He was last seen considerably in advance of his party of skirmishers in a fight in which it was every man for himself. One of Cheney's companions observed him loading his rifle out in the open and called out to him to get behind a tree to which Cheney replied, “Well!” He was soon obscured by the smoke and it was later discovered that he had been killed in battle. The day was July 21, 1861; Cheney was 24 years old.
     It was said that Cheney possessed a “true spirit of chess” to a greater degree than any player except Morphy. He labored under the disadvantage of having had few opportunities play strong opposition, but those that knew him believed he had a natural genius for chess and regarded him as a player with a future. His untimely death was considered a great loss to the chess world.
     Cheney is primarily remembered for his problems, of which he left about 125 to 150. any of them were remarkably original and beautiful and all of them possessed a lot of subtlety that left most solvers puzzled.
     One of Cheney's favorite ideas is shown in this two-mover: White interferes his own pieces in order to prevent stalemate. From this idea derives the Cheney-Loyd theme: piece A makes a critical move and the piece B of different color goes to the critical square and interferes.

White to mate in two

Highlight for solution: 1.Qg3! 1...Bxe7 2.Qxc7# 1...Rb5 2.Rxb5# 1...dxc3/d3 2.Qe3# 1...Rxc3 2.Rxa5#

Olomouc 1944

  

Florian at Brno in 1947

   In 1944 preparations were being made to bring and end to World War Two. The German Army high command had long been expecting an Allied invasion of northern France but had no means of knowing where precisely the invasion would come. Rundstedt, commander in chief in the west, thought that the landings would be made between Calais and Dieppe (at the narrowest width of the Channel between England and France), Hitler thought the central and more westerly stretches of the coast of Normandy would be the site and Rommel, who was in charge of the forces on France’s Channel coast, finally came around to Hitler’s opinion and so fortifications of those stretches were consequently improved.  It turned out Hitler was right, but the Allies eventually prevailed anyway.
     There was a lot happening in the chess world, too. Most famously, on June 27, 1944 Vera Manchik-Stevenson, who was widowed the previous year and still held the women's world championship title, her younger sister and their mother were killed in a V-1 rocket bombing raid which destroyed their home at 47 Gauden Road in the Clapham area of South London.
     The US Championship was held at the Park Central Hotel in New York City from April 17 to May 7. Reshevsky was preparing for his CPA exams which, by the way, he said were harder than any chess game he ever played and so turned down his invitation. Kashdan decided not to play at the last minute on the advice of his doctor. That left Fine as the favorite, but fate declared otherwise. Arnold Denker played the tournament of his life, defeated Fine and became the US Champion for the only time.
     In Moscow, the 13th USSR Chess Championship was won by Botvinnik followed by Smyslov, Boleslavsky and Flohr. The Moscow City Championship was by Smyslov ahead of a gaggle of strong GMs.
     Herman Pilnik and Miguel Najdorf shared first in Mar del Plata. Buenos Aires was won by Moshe Czerniak and Rio de Janeiro by Erich Eliskases.  Other notable events were: Krakow (Rudolf Teschner), Posen (Hans Mueller), Brunn (Karel Opocensky), the Baltic Chess Championship in Riga (Paul Keres) and Gijon (Alekhine).
     Unnoticed was a tournament held in Olomouc, the historical capital of Moravia in the east of the Czech Republic. During the Second World War most of the city's ethnic Germans sided with the Nazis and the German dominated city council renamed the main square after Hitler.
     Olomouc was the home town of the founder of the Studeten German Party Konrad Henlein who secretly negotiated with Hitler and became his puppet. The city became the center of Pan-German movements and later of the Nazis. The War brought a rise in anti-semitism and attacks on the Jewish population. During 1942-1943 the ethnic Germans sent all the remaing Jews to concentration camps in occupied Poland. After Olomouc was liberated, Czech residents restored the original name to the town square and when the retreating Germans passed through town they shot at its 15^th century astronomical clock, leaving but a few pieces.
     The winner of the tournament was Jaromir Florian (August 13, 1911 – September 9, 1984). Florian, from Brno, was one of the most famous and most charismatic players in Czechoslovakia even though he never possessed an international title. Originally from Bilovec, Czechoslovakia, in 1919 his family moved from the German border to Brno where in 1935 he graduated from his law studies. His first success in chess was winning the championship of the Central Unity of Czech Chess in Brno in 1944. After the war, Florian was a member of the Czechoslovak team that played matches against England, the Netherlands and France. In 1948 he played in the final of the Czechoslovak Championship for the first time and then played five more times, the last being in 1965.
     Beginning in 1948 Florian was a judge of the state court in Brno and in March 1949, he investigated atrocities committed during the war. His enemies devised a case in which he was alleged to have taken bribes. As a result, he went on trial and was found guilty and was sentenced to a four-year imprisonment (1950-1954) where he worked in a quarry. After serving his sentence he owned a chess shop in Brno.
     The runner up at the 1944 Olomouc tournament was Frantisek Zita (November 29, 1909 – October 1, 1977) who was born in Prague, then Austria-Hungary. He was Czech (Bohemia and Moravia) champion in 1943 and awarded the IM title in 1950. Zita passed away in Prague, then Czechoslovakia, in 1977.

Final standings:
1) Jaromir Florian 7.5
2) Frantisek Zita 7.0
3) Augustin Tikovsky 6.5
4) Karel Hromadka 5.0
5) Jiri Hlavacek 4.5
-8) Oldrich Malcanek, Vlastimi Stulik and V. Mohapl 3.5
9-10) V. Hanak and Rudolf Mikulka 2.0

Phil Montgomery...a Tragedy

     Hardman Philips Montgomery (September 25, 1834 – January 22, 1870) was the youngest son of the former Postmaster of Philadelphia, John C. Montgomery. His talent for chess and mathematics became apparent after he entered the University of Pennsylvania in 1851, skipping the freshman year and entering as a sophomore.
     Montgomery played for the Philadelphia team against New York (1855-1856) and won two postal games. His only major tournament was the First American Congress, a knockout tournament in which draws did not count. The Congress, organized by Daniel Willard Fiske, was held in New York from October 6 to November 10, 1857. The top sixteen American players invited were: William Allison, Samuel Calthrop, Daniel W. Fiske, William J. Fuller, Hiram Kennicott, Hubert Knott, Theodor Lichtenhein, Napoleon Marache, H.P. Montgomery, Alexander B. Meek, Paul Morphy, Louis Paulsen, Frederick Perrin, Benjamin Raphael, Charles H. Stanley and James Thompson. The first prize of $300 was refused by Morphy, but he did accept a silver service consisting of a pitcher, four goblets, and a tray.
     In the first round Montgomery defeated William S. Allison by a score of 3 wins to one. In the second round he was knocked out by Louis Paulsen who had scored two wins and was declared the winner when Montgomery had to return to Philadelphia. Three wins were required to win the match.
     Montgomery founded the Philadelphia Chess Club and became its first President. In 1859 his win in a correspondence game gave Philadelphia the victory over New York and in 1860 he won the club's first championship. In 1861, Montgomery played a match against New York's Theodore Lichtenhein and lost +2 -7 =1 and as result, he practically retired from serious chess. The only exceptions were a match against James A. Leonard in 1861 whom he defeated by a score of +8 -4 =2 and a match he lost to Gustavus Reichhelm +4 -8 in 1864.
     After retiring from chess Montgomery lived in Philadelphia and New York where he practiced law until he moved to Marysville, California. Far away from home and old friends and the scenes of old triumphs and defeats, he was stricken down by a stroke of paralysis at the age of thirty-six.
     Montgomery's style was described as one of daring brilliancy. He delighted in giving full sway to his vivid imagination and his combinations were astonishing for their originality and audacity. His style of play was nervous and rapid and his offhand games were always accompanied by a running good natured banter. The weak side of his play was a constitutional defect which no amount of chess knowledge, experience or ability could overcome...he could not endure defeat.