Ion Gudju

    Ion Gudju (1897 – 1988) was a Romanian master. He was the son of Hercules Anton Gudju (1846-1920), one of the early promoters of Romanian chess. 

    Ion was a gifted player and promoter of chess in Romania, mainly between 1914 and 1932; in 1914 he founded and edited the first Romanian chess magazine. He represented Romania in the 1st unofficial Chess Olympiad in Paris, where he became one of 15 founders of FIDE. He served as Honorary Vice President of FIDE from 1982 to 1988. 

    He played in Chess Olympiads at The Hague 1928, Hamburg 1930, and Prague 1931. In 1971, he was elected honorary president of the Romanian Chess Federation and was awarded the title of Honored Master of Sports. According to Chessmetrics, Gudju's highest rating was only 2276, but that rating was obtained on a very small number of games. 

    In 1984 at the age of 87, Gudju was invited to the Chess Olympics by the then president, Florencio Campomanes, where he served on the appeals committee, but he did not play any games. 

    As an interesting aside, the book The Story of the Olympic Torch recounts how prior to the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow, when the Olympic torch arrived in Romania and was handed off to Dumitru Pyrvulescu Roman, a fly-weight Greco0Roman wrestling gold medallist from 1960, that when it arrived at the Dynamo Stadium in Bucharest filled with 40,000 people inside and thousands more outside, Roman passed the torch off to the 83 year old Gudju who was serving as president of the Romanian Chess Federation who then passed it off to Leon Rotman, a double canoeing gold medalist from 1956. 

    In the real world Gudju held a PhD in Chemistry from the Sorbonne.As promised, here is a nice win of his from the 1924 Olympics. 

 

[Event "Paris Unofficial Olympiad"] [Site ""] [Date "1924.07.??"] [Round ""] [White "Ion Gudju"] [Black "Stanislaw Kohn"] [Result "1-0"] [ECO "B30"] [Annotator "Stockfish 18"] [PlyCount "53"] [EventDate "1924.??.??"] {B73: Sicilian Dragon: Classical} 1. e4 c5 (1... c6 {This disaster is Gudju's best known game.} 2. d4 d5 3. Nc3 dxe4 4. Nxe4 Bf5 5. Ng3 Bg6 6. Nf3 e6 7. h4 h6 8. Ne5 Bh7 9. Bc4 Nd7 10. Qe2 Ngf6 {Eliminatuing the N on e5 with 10...Nxe5 was an absolute must!} 11. Nxf7 Bb4+ 12. c3 Qa5 13. Qxe6+ Kf8 14. cxb4 Qxb4+ 15. Bd2 {1-0 I, A. Horowitz-Ion Gudju Prague 1931}) 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Nc3 g6 4. d4 cxd4 5. Nxd4 Bg7 6. Be3 Nf6 7. Be2 {Today 7.Bc4 is far more popular.} O-O 8. O-O d6 9. f4 {This move has mostly been replaced by 9.Nb3.} Ng4 {This move, which forces the trade of white’s B pair isso mewhat inferior to 9...Qb6} 10. Bxg4 Bxd4 {Black is going to feel the absence of his dark squared B.} 11. Bxd4 Bxg4 12. Qd2 Nxd4 {Naturally, with his own dark squared B missing, black wants to trade off white’s.} (12... e5 {is inderior.} 13. Be3 exf4 14. Rxf4 Be6 15. Rd1 {White is better. Zutobradic,T (1732)-Gvozden,N (1951) Belgrade 2025}) 13. Qxd4 Bd7 {Played with the intention of playing ...Bc6 pressuring white’s e-Pawn} 14. f5 ({exf5} 14. Rad1 {[%eval 57,21] [%wdl 72,928,0] [%emt 0:00:02]} Bc6 15. h4 Qb6 16. Qxb6 axb6 17. a3 {is equal. Mitkov,N (2481)-Smirnov,A (2567) chess.com INT 2019 (1)}) 14... f6 {Weakening the K-side in this manner is risky, but not fatal.} (14... Bc6 15. f6 Qb6 16. Qxb6 axb6 17. fxe7 {White has a promising position. Honfi,K-Kluger,G, Budapest 1950}) 15. Rf3 gxf5 {More consistant would have been 15...Bc6, but black gets sidetracked.} 16. exf5 Kh8 17. Re1 {[%mdl 32]} Rg8 {[%mdl 8192] This seems logical, placing the R on the semi-open file. But his e-Pawn is exposed to attack. Watch how Gudju does it; it’s very instructive. His best defense was 17...Rf7 guarding the e-Pawn.} 18. Nd5 Rg7 {Black is weak on the dark squares} 19. Rg3 Rf7 {Just a couple of moves too late} 20. Rxe7 $3 {[%mdl 512] A nasty surprise.} Qa5 (20... Rxe7 21. Qxf6+ Rg7 22. Qxg7#) 21. b4 (21. Rxf7 $4 Qe1#) 21... Qxa2 22. Rxf7 Qb1+ 23. Kf2 {[%mdl 32]} Qxc2+ 24. Ke1 Qb1+ 25. Kd2 Qa2+ 26. Ke3 {[%cal Rd4f6]} Qa3+ 27. Qc3 {Black resigned. White took control after the opening and played very precisely.} 1-0

Meaning of Engine Output Numbers

    Fourteen years ago Steve Lopez did a YouTube review for USCF sales in which he explained what all the numbers associated with the engine output window in Fritz 13 meant. In the process he used the position after 11.dxe6 as his example.  WATCH

    In those days the analysis wasn’t so clear, so I was curious to see what today’s engine analysis would reveal. I used Stockfish 18 running with 10 cores and gave it 30 minutes and got the following results. It seems that either of the moves that come under consideration for black are good and result in equality. 

 

 

Anti-Dutch Defense: Ulvestad Variation

    Yesterday and today we are having an interesting day! Smoke from Canadian wildfires in Ontario, roughly 500 to 700 miles away, have made the days appear cloudy and there is a strong smell of smoke outside. Looking out my back window I can see a haze of smoke across a nearby church’s parking lot. The Environmental Protection Agency has issued an air quality advisory because of very unhealthy to hazardous particle pollution. 

    Recently I was debating whether or not to enter a Lechenicher SchachServer theme tournament in which 1.d4 f5 2.Qd3 was mandatory, but waited too long and the tournament filled up. 

    This line looks fascinating and I had an idea I wanted to try. My database turned up 197 games where white played 2.Qd3 and white’s scored +77 -72 =48, so it’s certainly not a drawing variation! 

    My idea while taking a quick look at it was to play 3.g4?!, but it’s been done before! In my database white has scored +23 -22 =14. In today’s game white used it to defeat the redoubtable Gata Kamsky. It makes me sorry I didn’t get to enter the tournament.

    The move 2.Qd3 is an unusual response often played to throw an opponent’s preparation off. The 365Chess Opening Explorer calls it the Manhattan or Ulvestad Variation.Aside from surprising an opponent the move does have a purpose. It’s immediate aim is to control e4 and discourage black from playing the ...e6 setup. On d3 the Queen also has some potential tactical possibilities because it prepares for a quick Pawn advance to e4, or maybe even a K-side Pawn rush. It delays development though and so allows black several ways to equalize by taking control of the center and developing naturally. 

 

[Event "Karlsruhe Grenke Open"] [Site ""] [Date "2016.03.25"] [Round "?"] [White "Bilel Bellahcene"] [Black "Gata Kamsky"] [Result "1-0"] [ECO "A80"] [WhiteElo "2461"] [BlackElo "2673"] [Annotator "Stockfish 18"] [PlyCount "63"] [EventDate "2016.03.24"] [EventType "swiss"] [EventRounds ""] [EventCountry ""] [Source "] [SourceVersion ""] [SourceVersionDate "2016.04.26"] [SourceQuality ""] {Dutch Defense: Ulvestad Vaiation} 1. d4 f5 2. Qd3 {Black’s main replies are 2...d5, 2... Nf6 (A highly flexible developing move. It attacks the d4 pawn and prepares for castling while keeping options open regarding whether to play ...e6 or ...g6. And 2... e6 (Black cam, if he wishes, set up a Stonewall formation. It’s a solid choice as it restricts white's dark-squared Bishop.} d5 {This immediately contests the center and stops white from playing a quick e4.} 3. g4 {My idea! Unfortunately I was decades too late,} (3. Qg3 {This was another idea. It's never been played begore so perhaps it can be called the Tartajubow Variation. Stockfish analysis runs} c5 4. e3 Nf6 5. Nc3 e6 6. Bd2 Nc6 7. Nf3 a6 8. O-O-O {Black is slightly better.}) 3... g6 4. g5 {White has mistakenly played 4.gxf5 in several games. Opening up the position highly favors black.} (4. gxf5 Bxf5 {Black's light squared B is no longer bad and white loses time with his Q.}) 4... e6 5. h4 {White is clearly in an aggressive mood.} Bg7 6. h5 Nc6 {A surprising lapse by Kamsky. Striving for counterplay with 6...c5 was indicated.} 7. Nf3 Qd6 8. a3 {Preventing ...Nb4} Nge7 9. h6 $18 Bf8 10. Rh4 {So as to play Bf4} b6 11. Bf4 Qd7 12. b4 {With things at a standstill on the K-side white now begins operations on the Q-side. For his part, black is reduced to a defensive posture.} a6 13. Nbd2 Bb7 14. Qe3 Rg8 15. Rb1 Nc8 16. c4 dxc4 17. Nxc4 Be7 {A better plan was ...N8e7-d5} 18. Nce5 Nxe5 19. Nxe5 Qa4 20. Qc1 Bd5 21. Bg2 {A miscalculation that allows black to equalize.} (21. Qxc7 {keeps a einning position.} Nd6 22. Rc1 {and black is under tremendous pressure.} Rd8 {defending against Qd7#} 23. Bg2 {Now is the time for this.} Bxg2 24. f3 {The B is shut out making black's extra piece meaningless.} Rc8 25. Qxb6 Rxc1+ 26. Bxc1 Qc2 27. Qc5 Qxc5 28. bxc5 {White has teo Ps for the B and black's pieces are limited in mobility. White's advantage is decisive.}) 21... Bd6 {Missing his chance/} (21... Bxg2) 22. Nd3 $2 Na7 {[%mdl 8192]} (22... Bxg2 {and black equalizes.} 23. f3 Ne7 24. Bxd6 cxd6 25. Qe3 Qd7 26. Nf4 Kf7 27. Kf2 {White regains the piece, but black has consolidated his defense.}) 23. Rh3 {[%mdl 8192] This should have been a losing blunder. One wonders if both players were in time trouble.} (23. Bxd5 {was correct.} exd5 24. Bxd6 cxd6 25. Qc7 Qd7 26. Qxd7+ Kxd7 27. Nf4 Nb5 28. Nxd5 Kc6 29. Ne7+ {wins}) 23... Rb8 {[%mdl 8192] Missing his last opportunity.} (23... Bxg2 {This leaves black with a won position. There may have been a psychological factor at play here...a move that was previously questionable has suddenly become a winning one.} 24. Bxd6 cxd6 25. Re3 Bd5 26. Qc7 Qd7 27. Qxd7+ Kxd7 28. Nf4) 24. Bxd5 {Back on the winning track!} exd5 25. Ne5 Bxe5 26. Bxe5 Rb7 27. Rc3 c6 28. f3 Rf8 29. Qf4 b5 $2 30. Bd6 Rff7 31. Rbc1 Kd8 32. Rc5 {Black resigned.} (32. Rxc6 Nxc6 33. Rxc6 {White has a B+P for a R, but black cannot avpid mate.} Qc2 34. Rxc2 Rbc7 35. Bxc7+ Ke8 36. Bb6 Re7 37. Qd6 Rxe2+ 38. Rxe2+ Kf7 39. Qxd5+ Kf8 40. Bc5#) 1-0

No Captures fo 53 Plies

    Even during WWII chess was being played. The German military command included chess in its Truppenbetreuung (Pastimes for soldiers) program. Master made the rounds of field hospitals or anywhere there were soldiers playing exhibition tournaments and giving simultaneous displays. 

     It’s well known that Alekhine participated in a number of the Nazi sponsored tournaments, but he was not the only one. Among others, Paul Keres also participated in many of them. For his part, his participation was a matter of survival, not politics. His homeland of Estonia had bee repeatedly invaded and occupied, first by the Soviet Union in 1940, then Nazi Germany in 1941, and again by the USSR, so he had to play out of “geographical entrapment” and the need to survive and support his family. 

    Keres relied on chess as his primary source of income and during the German occupation, he published chess columns and played in tournaments in Salzburg, Munich, and Prague. Because of this and because he was Estonian Keres was viewed with deep suspicion by the Soviets after the war. As a result the Soviets restricted his travel and prevented him from playing for the World Championship. 

    The following game from Munich 1942 is unusual un that no captures were made until black played 27...exf4. Keres’ opponent was Ludwig Rerllstab (1904-1983) who was born in Berlin and was awarded the IM title at its inception in 1950 and the International Arbiter title in 1951. Hewas German Champion in 1942.

 

[Event "Munich"] [Site "Munich GER"] [Date "1942.09.19"] [Round "5"] [White "Paul Keres"] [Black "Ludwig Rellstab"] [Result "1-0"] [ECO "C41"] [Annotator "Stockfish 186.4"] [PlyCount "67"] [EventDate "1942.??.??"] {C41: Philidor Defense} 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 d6 {While this defense is solid, it is considered passive, Black does not develop a piece plus the P on d6 hinders the active developing their dark square Bishop.} 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. d4 Nbd7 5. Bc4 Be7 (5... g6 {loses to} 6. Ng5 Nb6 7. Bxf7+) 6. O-O O-O 7. a4 c6 8. Bb3 b6 9. Qe2 (9. Re1 a6 10. Ng5 Bb7 11. f4 exd4 12. Qxd4 d5 {0-1 Rendboe,J (2259)-Neuman,P (2428) Pardubice op-A 2005 (3) Black gas a good game.}) 9... a6 10. d5 (10. Rd1 {was preferable.} Qc7 11. Bg5 Bb7 12. dxe5 dxe5 13. Nh4 {Varnam,L (2050)-Curtis,J (2123) e2e4 Sunningdale Autumn Sunningdale ENG 2011 with equal chances.}) 10... c5 11. h3 {White is better.} Ne8 12. g4 g6 {This creates a slight weakening of black's position, The restraining 12...h6 would have been slightly better.} 13. Bh6 Ng7 14. Kh2 {White has more active pieces.} Nf6 {White must now prevent ...Bxg4!} 15. Rg1 (15. Rab1 {A pass to demonstrate black's threat.} Bxg4 16. hxg4 Nxg4+ 17. Kg2 Nxh6 18. Rh1 Nh5 {Black is up two Ps and has a winning attack.}) 15... Kh8 16. Rg3 Ng8 17. Qd2 Ra7 {It would have been wiser to play 17...Nxh6 eliminating the threat to his dark squares.} 18. Rh1 Bd7 19. Bc4 Be8 20. h4 {Rellstab can't do anything constructive here except try to maintain a solid defense. Keres, on the other hand, will try to build up an attack.} f6 {This further weakens his K-side. Either 20...Nxh6 or a neutral move like 20...Bd7 would have been more appropriate.} 21. Kg2 Bd7 {He should still have played 21...Nxh6} 22. b3 {It may look like Keres is over preparting and instead he could just as well launch K-side operations wothj the advance of the h-Pawn. Technically that may be correct, but if he does black would get counterplay against his g-Pawn, so he decides to wait.} ({Better is} 22. h5 {Hoping for hxg6.} g5 23. Bxg7+ Kxg7 24. Qe2 Qc8 25. Nh2 Nh6 26. Kh3 {Further progress by white will be difficult.}) 22... Rf7 23. Bd3 Bc8 {Again, black unwisely avoids capturing the B on h6.} 24. Ne2 Bf8 25. Be3 {[%mdl 128] Here Keres mounts an attack.} Be7 {Rellstab is unaware of the lurking danger.} (25... h5 {was a must play, Adtef} 26. gxh5 Nxh5 27. Rxg6 Ne7 {and black has managed to equalize.}) 26. Nfg1 {Once again both sides missed the importance of advancing their h-Pawns.} Ne8 27. f4 exf4 $2 {The first exchange in the game and it is a losing one.} (27... f5 {would at least enable him to keep fighting.} 28. exf5 gxf5 29. g5 Bf8 30. h5 h6 {White is clearly better, but black is still in the game.}) 28. Nxf4 $18 Ng7 29. Nf3 Ne8 {There is nothing constructive for black to do so all he can do is shift his pieces around.} 30. g5 fxg5 (30... Ng7 31. h5 Nxh5 32. Nxh5 gxh5 33. g6 Rg7 34. Rxh5 {is hopeless for black.}) 31. hxg5 Kg7 32. Ne6+ Bxe6 33. dxe6 Rxf3 (33... Rf8 34. Rgh3 h5 35. Qc3+ Bf6 36. gxf6+ {is an easy win.}) 34. Rxf3 {Black resigned.} 1-0

Reshevsky Plays Nearly Perfectly...and Loses

Historically 1935 was a year with some far-reaching consequences. In international headlines, the Nazis repudiated the Versailles Treaty and introduced compulsory military service. The Nazis also enacted the Nuremberg Laws against Jews to prevent what they called racial pollution and, at the same time, Heinrich Himmler started a breeding program to produce an Aryan super race. And, Mussolini invaded Ethiopia.

    In the U.S., President Roosevelt opened the second phase of his New Deal calling for Social Security, better housing, equitable taxation, and farm assistance. 

    In the chess world C.J.S. Purdy won the Australian Chess Championship, scoring an amazing 12-1. In the Hungarian championship 18-year old Laszlo Szabo won the first Championship with a score of +10 -1 =6. 

    On January 5, 1935, the Hastings Christmas Congress ended. The Premier section saw a three-way tie between Salo Flohr, Max Euwe, and Sir George Thomas.  Capablanca finished 4th with Botvinnik and Lilienthal tied for 5th-6th place. In the Soviet Union, the GM title was re-created for the benefit of Mikhail Botvinnik. 

    Jackson W. Showalter (born 1859) died on his 76th birthday at his home in Georgetown, Kentucky on February 5, 1935. On March 16, 1935, Aron Nimzovich (born 1886) died of pneumonia in Copenhagen. Soviet Master Ilya Rabinovich (1891-1942) was ordered to lose to Botvinnik (1911-1995), to ensure that Botvinnik would finish first in a tournament in Moscow, but Botvinnik got wind of it and refused to go along and so the plan was aborted. The game was drawn and Botvinnik shared first with Salo Flohr (1908-1983) of Czechoslovakia. Earlier, Flohr had proposed to Botvinnik that they both draw their final game and share first. Apparently Botvinnik had no objection to that arrangement. 

    In August 1935, Agnes Lawson-Stevenson, age 52, was on her way to Warsaw to play for England in the ladies’ world championship. She had arrived at the Posen, Poland airport from Berlin and after completing passport formalities she was rushing back to her plane and walked into the propeller which split her head open, killing her instantaneously. Her widower, Rufus Henry Streatfeild Stevenson, married Vera Menchik in October of 1937. 

    The 6th International Team Tournament was held in Warsaw and was won the USA team (Fine, Marshall, Kupchik, Dake, Horowitz) for the third consecutive time. Alekhine attended the FIDE Congress in Warsaw as part of a commission to make a list of challengers for the next world championship match. Capablanca was first choice, Botvinnik the second. 

    From October 3 to December 15, the world championship match was held in 13 cities in Holland and Euwe defeated Alekhine. After the international tournament at Margate (won by Reshevsky ahead of Capablanca and Thomas), Reshevsky stayed in England to participate in the Major Open which was held at Yarmouth in conjunction with the British Championship. 

    The two notable events of Yarmouth were Menchik's win against Reshevsky and it was the only t me Menchik played Sonja Graf in a mixed gender event. Menchik was not allowed to play in the British Championship because she did not obtain her British citizenship in 1937. In addition to the British Championship (won by William Winter) the British Women's Championship was held as well as a number of other sections which were open to foreign players.

 

Final Standings :

1) Samuel Reshevsky 10.0 

2) Jakob Seitz 8.5 

3) Vera Menchik 7.0 

4-5) Adrian Conde and Sammi Fajarowicz 6.5 

6) Ernst Klein 5.5 

7-8) Sonja Graf and Baruch H. Wood 5.0 

9-10) A.J.G. Butcher and Lodewijk Prins 4.0 

11) V. Ivanoff 2.5 

12) Francis Kitto 1.5 

 

     There was one amusing incident. In the adjourned game between Graf and Fajarowicz the position was incorrectly recorded in the sealed envelope. Neither player not iced the error when the game was resumed and it ended in a draw. 

    In the meantime some spectators had set up the correct position and after their game was finished even Graf and Fajarowicz joined the analysis and it was discovered that it was a dead win for Graf. Under FIDE Rules she could have demanded a replay from the correct position, but she elected to abide by the drawn result because to have replayed it would have been unfair to Fajarowitz who was a major contributor to finding the winning line for Graf. Miss Graf, who lost in the first three rounds and had not been defeated in the next six, did not display the best form against Reshevsky. The latter, adopting the King's Indian defense, succeeded in scoring the game after 31 moves. 

    In the following game Women’s World Champion Ver a Menchik handed Samuel Reshevsky his only defeat when Reshevsky overstepped the time limit. He habitually spent most of his time on the opening and middlegame and often found himself in a hair-raising time scramble, but his incredible skill as a blitz player enabled him to survive, but not this time. As the last seconds ticked off Reshevsky had not made his thirty-sixth move in two hours and his flag fell. Post game analysis showed his position was good enough that he probably could have won, but rnhinr analysis indicated that the position was about equal. 

 

ChessBase 18 Style Report

    Since returning from vacation a while back I have been busy with non-chess stuff and getting a new laptop with Windows 11, which I don’t like, set up. After deciding which chess programs to keep I had to consolidate databases because all I really need are two: one for my games and a big one which now has 5 million games.

    ChessBase 18 made the whole process rather easy and converting the databases from pgn files to the ChessBase format was painless and saved a huge amount of storage space. 

    In the process I discovered an interesting feature in ChessBase 18...the Style Report. This report evaluates a player's statistical tendencies, breaking down how they play. In this case, the report was on a database containing 783 of my games with the following results. 

 

 

Score 

Points scored in the analyzed games. 

 

Theory 

Factors include the average evaluation after the opening, the average length of theoretical lines and the breadth of the repertoire. Main lines are preferred. 

 

Decided Games 

Games that were not drawn. 

 

Tenacity 

A psychological evaluation. The draw rate plays a role, but more important is the frequency of short draws. Another factor is the willingness to exchange pieces; a high score indicates a willingness to go into and endgame. 

 

Aggressiveness 

Frequency of strong attacks on the King, successful sacrifices, early Pawn sacrifices or gambits and avoidance of Queen exchanges. 

 

Risk 

Measured by sharpness and complexity in games, use of sharp openings or gambits, asymmetrical structures and asymmetrical material configurations. 

 

Positional Play 

Active piece play, strong pieces and squares, Bishop pair, avodance of Pawn weaknesses, provocation of opponent's Pawn weaknesses, play for space advantage, play on the Q-side or in the center, and siege of weaknesses. Use of a fianchettoed white Bishop and openness to closed or quiet positions are also factors.

 

Endgame Skill 

Frequency of endgames in analyzed games, above-average success across various endgame phases, resistance in endgames with material disadvantage, and successful conversion of material advantage. No tendency to avoid exchanges. 

 

    Also included in the report with following “observations” of my play: 

 

    I am not really sure how we amateurs could use this information, but supposedly the value of the Style Report lies in its ability to map out a player’s “strategic DNA” strengths and weaknesses. It uses an algorithms to identify over 30 distinct positional and tactical themes. Here is one of the games the report singled out as an example of a K-side attack with a sacrifice. 

  

[Event "Golden Knights Semi-Finals (Postal)"] [Site "?"] [Date "1971.??.??"] [Round "?"] [White "Opponent"] [Black "Tartajubow"] [Result "0-1"] [ECO "E97"] [Annotator "Stockfish 18"] [PlyCount "80"] [EventDate "1971.??.??"] {E97: King's Indian: Classical Main Line} 1. c4 Nf6 2. d4 g6 3. Nc3 Bg7 4. e4 d6 5. Nf3 O-O 6. Be2 e5 7. O-O Nc6 8. d5 Ne7 9. b4 {This move, at the time cutting edge and mow along wiyh 9.Ne1 standard, was introduced by Korchnoi and at the time it discouraged top players from playing this line as black.} Nh5 { Intending ...f5. Another frequently played move is 9///a5} 10. g3 {Evidently the purpose of this seldom played move is a safety precaution to hinder an eventual ...f4 by black, but it is not effective. White does better to strengthen the e-Pawn with 10.Re1.} f5 {White now has two main lines. the routine 11.a4 or the interesting idea of 11.Ng5 and after 11...Nf6 then repositioning the B on g2 by 12.Bf3} 11. Nh4 {I don't like this move which leaves the N misplaced on h4. The threat is to capture on h5 destroying black's K-side P-formation.} (11. Nd2 Nf6 12. c5 f4 13. Nc4 Bh3 14. Re1 Nc8 15. a4 h5 {Sosonko,G (2535)-Kavalek,L (2590) Waddinxveen 1979. White's positiion is solid, but black has attacking potential.}) 11... Nf6 12. Qc2 {This is a bit passive. Either 12.exf4 or returning the N to f3 would have been a bit better.} f4 13. Ng2 {This is a poor square for the N. 13.Nf3 was better.} f3 { The positionally correct move was 13...g5. This little tactical demonstration does not really accomplish anything.} 14. Bxf3 Nfxd5 {The not so clever point.} 15. cxd5 {Black must now prevent Qe2.} Rxf3 {White should now commence operations on the Q-side with 16.b5. Instead, the N returns to its favorite square.} 16. Nh4 {Now after 16...Rf7 17.b5 black's advantage would be minimal.} Qf8 {This is the result of a positional miscalculation, but white gets bluffed. } 17. Kg2 (17. Nxf3 Qxf3 18. Qe2 Qxc3 19. Bg5 {Black has a B+N vs R, but white's Rs have play whuile black's R is undeveloped and his pieces lack scope, so white stands quite well.}) 17... Rf7 18. Bg5 {A better alternative was 18. b5 with play on the Q-side. The text allows black to eliminate his bad B.} Bf6 19. Qd2 {This is a tactical error. Better would have been 19.Nf3 after which black would be only slightly better,} Bxg5 20. Qxg5 h6 $1 21. Qd2 g5 {Black has gotten his K-side Ps on a roll for free thanks to the threats to white's Q. } 22. Nf5 Bxf5 23. exf5 Nxf5 {[%mdl 32] Thanks to white's faulty 19th move black gas won a P and has a very strong attack.} 24. Ne2 Qe7 25. Rae1 {This is rather pointless. Why not 25.Rac1 which at least reminds black that he has a P on the semi-open file that may require attention?} Raf8 26. Qc2 h5 27. h3 g4 28. Nf4 {So...this was white's idea; the N is immune and the h-Pawn is attacked. He can also plunge the N into black's position with Ne6, right?} Nh4+ $1 {[%mdl 512]} 29. Kh1 (29. gxh4 Rxf4 30. Qg6+ Qg7 31. Qxg7+ Kxg7 {leaves black with a won ending.}) 29... Qf6 30. Ng2 Nf3 31. h4 {There was no reason to sac the exchange just to eliminate the N, but there really was not anything better either. White was hoping to keep the K-side blocked up.} Nxe1 32. Nxe1 Qf5 {Black now faces the problem of finding a way to mop up, but beibg the exchange and a P up helps.} 33. Qd2 Rf6 34. Kg1 c6 {White can't afford to trade Ps and give me mobile center Ps.} 35. Ng2 Qe4 36. Ne3 Rf3 {White is now compelled to capture on c6.} 37. dxc6 bxc6 38. Nd1 Qf5 39. Ne3 Qf6 40. Nd1 { The N makes one hop too many and allows a mate in 4, but the game was lost in any case.} Rxg3+ {[%mdl 512] White resigned.} (40... Rxg3+ 41. fxg3 Qxf1+ 42. Kh2 Qh3+ 43. Kg1 Rf1#) 0-1

Lisa Lane

    Marianne Elizabeth Lane Hickey (1933-2024), also known as Lisa Lane, was the U.S. Women's Champion in 1959. She appeared on the cover of Sports Illustrated in the August 7, 1961 edition, making her the first chess player to appear on its cover; Bobby Fischer didn’t mke the cover until 1972. 

    Born in Philadelphia, it was there she met the local master Arnold Chertkof around 1957 or ‘58 at a coffeehouse they both frequented. Chertkof was a member of the Franklin-Mercantile Chess Club and took her to the club and eventually got the strong master Attilio Di Camillo to work with her. 

    Her father was a skilled laborer who was more interested in horse racing than in his family and disappeared before she was two. Her mother had a great deal of difficulty raising two children alone and Lisa and her sister spent much of their childhood boarding with different families and their grandmother. She was a good student, but exhibited “strange behavior” at school and dropped out of high school, a year before graduating. A few years later she became a special student at Temple University trying to complete her high school curriculum while taking some college level courses. During that time she was involved in an accident in which the car she was driving struck and killed an elderly pedestrian who stepped out in front of her. She was never charged, but shortly after she dropped out of college and started hanging around coffee shops all night playing chess. 

    Around that time she invested her savings with a partner and opened a bookstore that specialized in poetry; it soon went out of business. It was after that she met Di Camillo and worked 8 to 12 hours a day on chess. She studied with Di Camillo mornings and played at the club all afternoon and evening then the next morning Di Camillo would go over the games and he would point out her mistakes. 

    Lane, accompanied by Chertkof and Di Camillo, went to New York to visit the US Championship where she witnessed 14-year-old Bobby Fischer win the US championship. Inspired by Fischer, she won the Philadelphia women's championship a few months later and the following year in the US Amateur Championship, she captured the women’s championship. Two years later, in 1959, she won the US Women's title. 

    A few days after winning the championship she married Walter Rich, a Philadelphia designer whom she had met in a coffeehouse. They were married less than two years and during that time she abandoned chess, but after their separation, went into full-time training. 

    To support herself she started giving simuls and moved from Philadelphia to New York to prepare for the World Women's Candidates Tournament. She practically became a recluse, living in a small apartment with minimal furniture, no television or radio, two cats and a lot of chess books. 

    Lane, along with Gisela Gresser (former US women's champion), had been invited to participate in the women’s world championship to determine who would challenge Elizabeta Bykova. The tournament was in Vrnjacka Banja, Yugoslavia and her performance was disappointing. She tied for 13th-14th place (out of 18) along with Gresser. 

    At the end of 1961 she participated in the Hastings Reserve tournament and withdrew after scoring +0 -2 =1 with one adjournment. She was, it was claimed, homesick and in love with her future husband, Neil Hickey. More likely it was her poor performance. In 1962 she married Hickey, editor-at-large of the Columbia Journalism Review. 

    Her misfortune continued. In 1964 she lost the US Women's Championship to Sonja Graf-Stevenson (who died the next year ). Then she came in 12th out of 18 in the next women’s candidate tournament but finished a half point ahead of Gresser. 

    In 1964, Lane opened her own chess studio, the Queen's Pawn Chess Emporium, in New York City’s Greenwich Village. Chess lessons were given by Sonja Graf who at the time was United States women's champion. While in New York Lisa played at the Marshall Club or Rossolimo's Chess Studio. 

    Finally, in 1966, she became co-US women's champion, sharing the title with Gisela Gresser. Booby Fischer said of Lisa Lane, “Lisa, you might say, is the best of the American fish." That was Booby...Lisa and her husband were friends of Fischer and assisted him in writing some chess articles. Despite their friendship Fischer was still snide and condescending. 

     And so ended her chess career. She and her husband opened a shop in Carmel, New York, called Amber Waves of Grain that specialized in vitamins, Yoga and meditation, etc. The store was later renamed Earth Love and was located in Pawling, New York.      

    Jennifer Shahade in her book Chess Bitch, says Lane quit partly because she was annoyed with being identified as a chess player. Lane died from cancer on February 28, 2024, at her home in Carmel, New York. 

    The following game against Alexandra Nicolau,later Van der Mije, (1940-2013, 73 years old,) features a nice back rank mate. She was born in Bucharest and was awarded the WIM title in 1960 and the WGM title in 1976. She was Romanian Women's Champion in 1960, 1961, 1963, 1964, 1965 and 1973. She was also Dutch Women's Champion, in 1974, 1976, 1977, 1978 and 1979.  

 

 

A Robert Byrne Brilliancy

 

    I met Robert Byrne (1928-2013) in the mid-1970s and can best describe him as dignified, but affable. Byrne was awarded the GM title in 1964 and the 1972 US Championship in which he tied for first earned him a place in the 1973 Interzonal in Leningrad. In the Interzonal he finished one point behind Viktor Korchnoi and Anatoly Karpov. He lost his 1974 quarter final candidates match against Boris Spassky. 

    The following game was awarded the first brilliancy prize. In it Byrne conducted an overwhelming K-side attack featuring some spectacular sacrifices against Larry Evans (1932-2010). He was awarded the GM title in 1957 ans was known for his long association with Bobby Fischer. 

 

 

 

 

 

[Event "U.S. Championship, New York"] [Site ""] [Date "1965.12.30"] [Round "?"] [White "Robert Byrne"] [Black "Larry Evans"] [Result "1-0"] [ECO "B97"] [Annotator "Stockfish 18"] [PlyCount "71"] [EventDate "1965.12.12"] { B97: Najdorf Sicilian} 1. e4 c5 2. Nf3 a6 {This cane as a surprise to Byrne who was expecting to see Evans' favorite Taimanov Variation (1.e4 c5 2.Nf3 e6 3.d4 cxd4 4.Nxd4 Nc6). Instead, he transposes into another favorite, the Najdorf Sicilian.} 3. Nc3 d6 4. d4 cxd4 5. Nxd4 Nf6 6. Bg5 e6 7. f4 {[%mdl 32]} Qb6 {The other main choice is the less aggressive. 7...Be7. The point of ...Qb6 is to force white to choose either the tame retreat 8.Nb3 or play the following speculative P sacrifice.} 8. Qd2 Qxb2 {This move is still more popular than 8...Nc6, but at the time this game was played this P grab had heavily favored black.} 9. Rb1 Qa3 10. e5 {Very aggressive and yielding better results than the more passive 10.f5 or 10.Bxf6.} dxe5 11. fxe5 Nfd7 12. Bc4 {This move prepares to to sacrifice on e6, but today ot is known that white should play 12.Ne4!.} (12. Ne4 h6 13. Bh4 Qxa2 14. Rd1 {The chances are equal.}) 12... Bb4 {At the time this was cutting edge theory. The move's purpose is to us this annoying pin to keep the white pieces tied up. Prior to this move, which is still considered best today, black had tried 12...Be7 with little success because white plays Bxe6! with complete equality.} (12... Nxe5 {is a serious mistake.} 13. Nxe6 { Black is threatened with mate on d8.} Qa5 14. Bd8 Nxc4 15. Bxa5 Nxd2 16. Nc7+ Kd7 17. Kxd2 {White is better.}) (12... Be7 13. Bxe6 O-O {Now white should play either 14.O-O or matbe 14.Nd5, but not} 14. Bb3 Bxg5 15. Qxg5 Qc5 { and pressure on the e-Pawn gives black the advantage.}) 13. Rb3 Qa5 14. O-O O-O {This very complicated position was reached in the then well known game Tringov-Fischer, Havana 1965 in which Fischer (with his opponent's help) scored a convincing win.} 15. Bf6 {This is Byrne's prepared analysis, but against correct play it should also come up short.} (15. Nxe6 $4 fxe6 16. Bxe6+ Kh8 17. Rxf8+ Bxf8 18. Qf4 Nc6 19. Qf7 Qc5+ 20. Kh1 Nf6 21. Bxc8 Nxe5 22. Qe6 Neg4 {0–1 Georgi Tringov-Robert Fischer Havana 1965}) (15. Qf2 $3 {This obscure move is the only way white can maintain equal chances.} Bc5 $1 16. Ne4 Bxd4 17. Qxd4 Qxe5 18. Qe3 Nc6 19. Rd3 {with unclear complication.}) 15... gxf6 $2 {[%mdl 8192] This loses.} (15... Nxf6 $1 {This move maintains the upper hand after} 16. exf6 Rd8 {White's most aggressive continuation is} 17. Rxb4 Qxb4 18. Qg5 g6 19. Rf4 $1 Rxd4 20. Rxd4 Qb6 21. Qe3 {Black is a solid P up.}) 16. Qh6 $1 Qxe5 {Desperately trying to get some pieces to the defense of the K-side.} (16... fxe5 17. Rf3 {[%emt 0:00:04] mates in} f6 18. Bxe6+ Rf7 19. Rg3+ Kh8 20. Bxf7 exd4 21. Rg8#) 17. Nf5 exf5 {Of course 18...Qxe4 loses the Q to 19.Rg3+} 18. Ne4 {[%mdl 32]} Bd2 19. Nxd2 Qd4+ 20. Kh1 Ne5 {By returning a piece Evams he has forced white to retreat the N from attacking f6. This allows black's own N to reach the defense of the K-side. Even so, white is still winning.} 21. Rg3+ Ng4 22. h3 {[%mdl 96]} Qe5 23. Rf4 {[%mdl 64]} Qe1+ 24. Nf1 Qxg3 25. Rxg4+ Qxg4 26. hxg4 {Evans' clever defensive strategy has been to give up his Q for two Rs in the hope that white's attack would come to an end, that's not the case. White is now threatening to bring his N up (Ng3-h5) which leads to mate.} Nd7 27. Ng3 Kh8 28. Bd3 Rg8 29. Bxf5 Rg6 30. Bxg6 fxg6 {Byrne now finishes off his opponent in the fashion of a top level GM!} 31. Ne4 $1 b5 32. g5 {Still attacking!} Bb7 {This allows a mate in 4, so he should have defended the 7th rank with 32...Ra7} 33. Nxf6 {Now instead of a mate in 4, according to the engine it's a mate in 19.} (33. gxf6 Rg8 34. Ng5 Bxg2+ 35. Kxg2 Nxf6 36. Nf7#) 33... Nf8 34. Qh2 Bc8 35. Qe5 {Intending Ng4+ and mate.} Ne6 36. Nd7+ {Black resigned. He is facing loss of more materia; after 36.Nb6} 1-0

Geza Fuster

    Geza Fuster (1910 in Budapest, Hungary – 1990 in Toronto, Canada) was a Hungarian-Canadian IM. He won his first of many Budapest Championships in 1936 and during World War II he played in several strong tournaments with modest results. In 1941, although he only finished 11th out of 16 at Munich, he managed to hold World Champion Alekhine to a draw. 

    He defected after the war. Along with Pal Pal Benko, he crossed the border in East Berlin. Fuster made it, but Benko was apprehended and sent to prison for nearly three years. Fuster made his way to Canada in 1953, settling in Toronto. He won the Toronto City Championship in 1954,1955, 1956, 1962, 1969, and shared it in 1971.

    Fuster played in many Canadian championships and in 1955 he was Canadian Speed Champion. In 1957, he won the U.S. Speed Championship. He represented Canada in two Chess Olympiads, in 1958 at Munich and in 1970 at Siegen.He was awarded the IM title in 1969, following his strong performance in the Closed Canadian Championship. A fixture at the YMCA Chess Club and later the Toronto Chess Club, he loved to play speed chess and was known for his willingness of offer advice and encouragement to young players. 

    In the following game he demonstrates the power fo a fianchettoed B and control of the c-file with some strong tactical play against an opponent who, at the time, was one of the top 10 players in the world. 

 

[Event "Hungarian Champ, Budapest"] [Site ""] [Date "1947.09.29"] [Round "?"] [White "Geza Fuster"] [Black "Laszlo Szabo"] [Result "1-0"] [ECO "E01"] [Annotator "Stockfish 18"] [PlyCount "47"] [EventDate "1947.09.11"] {E01: Catalan} 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 e6 3. g3 {Black has two main options. He can play ...dxc4 and either try to hold on to the Paw with ...b5 or return it for time to free his position. In the Closed Catalan black doesn’t capture on c4 which leaves his position somewhat cramped, but solid.} d5 4. Bg2 {Here black usually plays either 4...Be7 or 4...dxc4, or sometimes 4...Bb4.} c5 {This is a seldom used sideline that is not particularly effective.} 5. cxd5 Nxd5 6. Nf3 Be7 (6... cxd4 7. Nxd4 Bc5 8. O-O O-O 9. Nc3 Nxc3 10. bxc3 Nd7 11. Rb1 Nb6 12. Nb3 Be7 13. Qxd8 Rxd8 14. Na5 {Dlugy,M (2485)-Taylor,T (2480) New York 1985. White used his slight advantage to squeeze out a win.}) 7. dxc5 Bxc5 8. O-O O-O 9. Qc2 Nd7 10. a3 Qc7 11. e4 Bb6 12. Qe2 Ne7 13. Nc3 a6 14. Bd2 {White has a clear lead in development and black is a bit cramped. Here or on the next move black should remove his Q from the c-file with ...Qb8 even though that helps neither his development nor his cramp.} Nc6 15. Rac1 {Planting the seed of victory.} Nde5 16. Nxe5 $1 {A brilliant tactical shot.} Qxe5 (16... Nxe5 { is not rea;lly better, but it is probably his best practical chance.} 17. Na4 Nc6 18. Bb4 Rd8 {At first glance black seems to have defended himself, but white steps up the pressure with} 19. e5 Ba7 20. Bd6 Qd7 21. Qg4 {Black is at a loss for a decent continuation.} f6 (21... Ne7 22. Rc7) 22. exf6 Qf7 23. Rfd1 {with a decisive advantage. For example} Qxf6 24. Bc5 Bxc5 25. Rxd8+ Qxd8 26. Nxc5 {White's positional advantage should prove decisive.}) 17. Bf4 $1 { An important followup to his last move.} Qa5 18. Bd6 $1 {Another strong followup.} Rd8 19. e5 $1 {Unleashing the power of the B on g2. Black underestimates the strength of the threat of 20.Bxc6 or else he would have played 19...Nd4 which was his best practical chance.} f5 $2 (19... Nd4 20. Qe4 f6 21. Be7 Qxe5 22. Qxe5 fxe5 23. Bxd8 Bxd8 24. Rfe1 Bd7 25. Rxe5 {This is Stockfish's top line and white is the exchange up.}) 20. Bxc6 bxc6 21. Bb4 { The Q is trapped and there is only one way to save it.} Bxf2+ 22. Rxf2 Qc7 23. Bd6 Qa5 24. Qc4 {Black resigned. There is no forced win for white, but further play os a waste of time.} (24. Qc4 {and now the top engine line is} Kh8 25. Ne2 Qb5 26. Nd4 Qxc4 27. Rxc4 {White has won a piece and black is completely tied yp.}) 1-0

Boris Kostic

 

    Borislav Kostic (1887-1963) was a Serbian player who was named one of the original Gms in 1959. He is little known today, but in the early part of the 20th century he was one of the best players in the world. Chessmetrocs estimates his highest rating to have been 2706 in May of 1921. That paced him #6 on the list behind Capablanca (2877), Lasker, Alekhine, Rubinstein and Tartakower. 

    Kostic, the son of a merchant, was born in Vrsac, Kingdom of Hungary, at the time part of Austria-Hungary. He learned chess around the age of ten and made rapid progress while studying where he honed his chess skills by playing against the many strong players there.    

    In 1910 he moved to Cologne and traveled extensively throughout the Americas playing matches against local champions and giving simultaneous blindfold exhibitions. Kostic also defeated Frank Marshall, Jackson Showalter and Paul Leonhardt in matches. At Havana in 1919, his winning streak ended with a 5–0 loss to Capablanca. Capablanca wrote that his own career peaked with this match. In 1916-18, while in the United States he also played in a few tournaments.

    Kostic is famous for his 1923 to 1926 tour of Australasia, the Far East, Africa, India and Siberia (!), places which, at the time, were chess deserts.

    During World War II, Kostić was imprisoned in a concentration camp by a Nazi SS because he declined to participate in Nazi sponsored “Free Europe” tournaments that were intended to glorify the Nazi regime. After the war his chess was contined to minor tournaments. His final appearance was at a veteran’s tournament in Zurich in 1962 which he won. He died in Belgrade in 1963 at the age of 76. 

    The following game is an instructive example of a Rook invading the seventh rank via the c-file. Ladislav Prokes (1884-1866, 81 years old) was a Czech player and problem composer who was born in Prague. He was joint Czechoslovak champion with Karel Hromadka in 1921.

 

[Event "Bardejov"] [Site ""] [Date "1926.07.24"] [Round "?"] [White "Borislav Kostic"] [Black "Ladislav Prokes"] [Result "1-0"] [ECO "A34"] [Annotator "Stockfish 18"] [PlyCount "59"] [EventDate "1926.??.??"] { A34: Symmetrical English} 1. c4 c5 2. Nf3 Nf6 3. Nc3 {The Symmetrical English is a flexible system thay can lead to complex, strategic middlegame positions.} d5 {Black's main option is to continue the symmetry with 3...c5, Either way the results are not much different.} 4. cxd5 Nxd5 5. g3 g6 6. Bg2 Bg7 7. O-O Nb6 {A poor retreat. Either 7...Nc6 or 7...O-O were better.} 8. d3 Nc6 9. Be3 Nd4 10. Rc1 {It can't be forseen at this point, but this is the key to white's win. Another good plan is 10.Qd2 and 11.Bh6} (10. Qd2 O-O 11. Bh6 Bd7 12. Bxg7 Kxg7 13. Rfc1 { white stands well.}) 10... f5 {This elementary error, surprising from a player of Proles strength, fataly weakens black's position. Castling was correct.} 11. Nd2 {White still has the advantage after this,but the tactical shot 11.Bxf4 was even better.} (11. Bxd4 cxd4 12. Nb5 {Threatening Nc7+} O-O 13. Nc7 Rb8 14. Ng5 {The N invasion has left white with a decisive advantage.}) 11... e5 { Black's position looks impressive, but it's flawed because of his exposed K as Kostic ex[ertly demonstrates.} 12. Nb3 Qe7 13. Bxd4 cxd4 {Watch how deftly Kostic infiltrates black's position!} 14. Nd5 Nxd5 15. Bxd5 {Black's K is caught in the center and he cannot complete his development.} Qd6 16. Rc5 { [%mdl 32]} Rb8 17. Qc2 Bd7 {White's next move frees up the R.} 18. Bg2 O-O { Black has finally castled, but his position is too open to save the game.} 19. Rd5 {[%mdl 2048] White is on the roll.} Qe7 {Somewhat better would have been 19...Qc6 preventing white's next move.} 20. Qc7 $18 Rfd8 21. Na5 Qe8 {This results in an abrupt end.} (21... Rbc8 {Holds out longer, but whit's position is still decisive.} 22. Qxb7 Bf6 (22... e4 23. Qxa7 {is hopeless for black.})) 22. Nxb7 {There is no saving the game and black plays a few more moves on momentum.} Rdc8 23. Qxd7 Qxd7 24. Rxd7 Rc2 25. Bd5+ Kh8 26. Nd6 h5 27. Nf7+ Kh7 28. Nxe5 Rbxb2 {The two Rs on the 2nd rank look nice, but they don't accomplish anything.} 29. Bb3 Rxe2 30. Nc4 {Black resigned.} 1-0

A Champion's Waning Years

    Before 1961, the great Soviet patriarch Mikhail Botvinnik (1911-1995) accepted only a handful of invitations to play in non–Communist Europe. But, that was still more tournaments than most of his compatriots because in those days players generally were not allowed to play outside the Warsaw Pact countries.      

    Poor, naive Andre Lilienthal (1911-2010) thought he had limited opportunities because of national security concerns; he had an uncle who was an atomic scientist who was head of the atomic committee in the United States.       

    David E. Lilienthal (1899-1981) was an American-born attorney and public administrator, who was the oldest son of Jewish immigrants from Austria-Hungary. His mother came from Szomolany (now Smolenice) in Slovakia, emigrating to America at age 17. His father had served several years in the Hungarian army before emigrating to the United States in 1893. David is best known for his Presidential appointment to head Tennessee Valley Authority and later the Atomic Energy Commission from 1946 to early in 1950.       

    It was because of him that Andre claimed that the Soviet Union stopped letting him out of the USSR to go to tournaments. Despite Andre's claims, the actual family connection, if any, is not known.       

    Jan Timman felt that Botvinnik suffered from the “paralyzing realization of having achieved everything” when he became world champion in 1948 and after he lost the title, “a load had been taken off his shoulders” and he developed “an energetic style which was even better than the way he played just after the war.”      

    Botvinnik admitted that in his match with Petrosian that he "played under unusually great pressure and tension.” After losing to Petrosian he had no rematch for which to prepare and so the tension was gone.       

    Although his playing career was winding down after the match with Petrosian, as late as February 1965 he hoped for another shot at the title. He harbored the hope that FIDE might order a rematch before Petrosian played his 1966 challenger. When that didn't happen Botvinnik tried to reach the top through his students and through developing a winning computer chess program.       

    In 1963 the Botvinnik School of Chess had students spread across the country. It wasn't much of a school. Botvinnik met with the kids three or four times a year and gave classes and simultaneous exhibitions with clocks. The school failed after 18 months for lack of support.      

    In 1969 it was revived with face-to- face sessions with students twice a year and in between Botvinnik assigned homework such as analyzing an endgame or opening which was done by correspondence. His star pupil was 10-year-old Garry Kasparov.       Kramnik recalled how the school worked. Students would show four of their games, two wins, a draw and a loss and Botvinnik and Kasparov would add their comments. The next two days would be devoted to Kasparov simuls followed by two training games at a slow control.       

    Not everybody was impressed with the school. Alexey Shirov thought Botvinnik was too stubborn and Lev Psakis left in disgrace after a day devoted to training games. The reason? After scoring an easy win with black against "some girl," as white he played a highly speculative piece sacrifice on move 4. Apparently it wasn't appreciated and they stopped inviting him to training sessions.       

    After winning the 1973 World Junior Championship Alexander Beliavsky was invited to Botvinnik’s apartment in Moscow. He described how Botvinnik was using a badly chipped vintage chess set from the 1930s and after dinner they'd go through Beliavsky's games which Botvinnik would soundly criticize. The result was Beliavsky always left in tears believing he didn't understand anything about the game and never would.       

    Botvinnik’s last hurrah final was supposed to be a match with Bobby Fischer in the spring of 1970. The two negotiated through the Dutch organizers. Botvinnik wanted a best of 16 game match, but as usual, Fischer wanted no limit on the number of games; the winner would be the first to score six wins.       

    Of course, that was way too much for an ageing Botvinnik, but at some point he came to believe that he and Fischer had reached a compromise on a best of 18 games. It was then that Botvinnik began training with Boris Spassky.       

    However, Fischer was having none of it and insisted on the first to six wins. As a result the match collapsed because of what Botvinnik called Fischer's maniacal fear of returning to actually play.       

    The Dutch organizers replaced the match with a four-player tournament where they met each other four times. Spassky was first, Donner second and Botvinnik and Larsen tied for third and fourth. Botvinnik only scored +1 -2 =0.       

    After that tournament Botvinnik was through with competition because according to his daughter Olga, “He couldn’t create beautiful games anymore.”      

    During his final days Botvinnik stated that he would die at home...all he needed was two to three good months to finish his scientific work. He spent them dictating ideas about his computer chess program.       

    When Botvinnik died he didn’t want any VIPs at his funeral and no chessplayers! He wanted to leave quietly, he said.       

    He was cremated and buried next to his mother and wife at Novodevichy Cemetery, not too far from the graves of Anton Chekhov ( a Russian playwright and short-story writer) and Mikhail Bulgakov (a Russian writer, medical doctor and playwright).        

    Here is one of his last games from a clock simul played in London in 1981. 

 

Decisions

    Not chess ones, but the past few days have been spent setting up a new laptop that has twice the power and storage as the old one. It had to be cleaned up because Windows 11 features highly annoying built-in ads that promote Microsoft services. 

    Also, I switched to the Firefox browser because Miscrosoft Edge is equally annoying. Unfortunately, Edge cannot be removed because it is tied to the Windows OS shell making it difficult to fully remove. However, Best Buy can disable Edge. The Geek Squad at Best Buy will set a different browser as your default and stop Edge from opening automatically. 

    Then there is the issue of Microsoft Office, or as I think it’s called these days, Microsoft 365. It costs, I think the salesman said, $100 a year. For years I have been using LibreOffice, a free open-source office productivity suite that is much like Microsoft365. 

    There was also the question as to which chess programs I wanted to keep because I do not need all of them: Fritz 12, Fritz 17, Fritz 19, Fritz 20, ChessBase 16 and ChessBase 18. I decided on Fritz 17 only because it uses a whole lot less space and I am not interested in the “fun stuff” and all the training feature on the other Fritz programs. The only real use I have for ChessBase 18 is for those times when I want to manipulate databases. 

    Thankfully, the time consuming correspondence game are over except for one opponent who won’t resign a lost position. It has been a successful event (first place with a projected +3 -0 =5) thanks to a combination of the Stockfish, Swordfish and Reckless engines and a lot of patience.

    Hopefully, things will return to normal next week. 

Julius Perlis

    Julius Perlis (1880 – 1913) was born in Białystok which today is the largest city in northeastern Poland, but at the time it was in the Russian Empire. He spent most of his life in Austrian and was very active in tournament play in the early to mid-1900s. A lawyer by profession, he was known for his tactical style and competitive play. 

    An amateur mountaineer, one morning in September, 1913, Perlis commenced a day's excursion on the Hochtor; at 7,772 feet (2,369 meters) it is the highest mountain in the Alps in Styria, Austria. 

    He traversing the mountain without a companion or guide and apparently lost his way. In the evening his cries for help were heard by two tourists who were unable to reach him owing to approaching darkness and the onset of a snowstorm. Perlis' body was found by a rescue team two days later and the absence of visible injuries lead to a verdict of death by exposure. 

    Perlis’ opponent in the following game was Georg Salwe (1862-1920, 58 years old) who was born in Warsaw which at the time was part of the Russian Empire. He did not learn to play chess until about the age of 20 and his first major tournament was in Kiev 1903 when he was 40. He gave up competitive chess at the age of 54. 

 

[Event "St. Petersburg"] [Site ""] [Date "1909.02.25"] [Round "?"] [White "Julius Perlis"] [Black "Georg Salwe"] [Result "1-0"] [ECO "C49"] [Annotator "Stockfish 18"] [PlyCount "51"] [EventDate "1909.02.15"] {C49: Four Knights Game} 1. e4 e5 2. Nc3 Nf6 3. Nf3 Nc6 {The Four Knights was popular in the 19th century and it usually leads to a quiet positional game. By the time of World War One its popularity had waned and it had been supplanted by the Ruy Lopez/} 4. Bb5 Bb4 {Rubinstein later introduced 4...Nd5 in an attempt to unbalance the position.} 5. O-O O-O 6. d3 d6 {The Symmetrical Variation.} 7. Bg5 Ne7 {Black should avoid mirroring white with 7...Bg4} (7... Bg4 8. Bxf6 {Also acceptable is the more common 8,Nd5} Bxf3 9. Qxf3 Qxf6 10. Qxf6 gxf6 11. Nd5 {and it's clear that white is better.}) 8. Nh4 {This is just one of several possibilities available to white, but none acquire any advantage.} (8. Bxf6 {This looks plausible, but after} gxf6 {White has no way of taking advantage of the doubled Ps. Most common in the continuation} 9. Nh4 c6 10. Bc4 d5 {with complete equality.}) 8... c6 9. Bxf6 {More precise was 9.Bc4} gxf6 (9... Bxc3 $15 10. bxc3 cxb5 11. Bxe7 Qxe7 12. Nf5 Bxf5 13. exf5 Rfc8 {and black stands just a bit better.}) 10. Ba4 f5 {Aggressive and not at all bad.} 11. Qh5 Bxc3 12. bxc3 fxe4 (12... f4 13. g4 Kh8 14. Kh1 Ng6 15. Nf5 d5 {is equal. Plater,K-O'Kelly de Galway,A Hilversum 1947}) 13. dxe4 f5 {While the first time ...f5 could not be faulted, this time it fatally weakens the K-side. The solid 13...Ng6 was correct.} 14. Bb3+ (14. f4 {at once opening up the K-side has better winning chances.} exf4 15. Rxf4 Qe8 16. Bb3+ d5 17. Qxe8 Rxe8 18. exf5 {followed by g4 leaves white with a highly favorable position.}) 14... d5 15. f4 fxe4 16. f5 {Even stronger was 16.fxe5} (16. fxe5 Be6 17. Qh6 Bf7 18. Rf6 {with a strong attack.}) 16... Rf6 {While the play of both sides has not been exact white has a promising position that is worth the P miminus.} 17. Rae1 {But this routine move is a bit too passive.} (17. Qg5+ Kf7 18. c4 {undermining black's imposing looking center was the better course.} Qd6 19. cxd5 cxd5 20. c4 {with an active position.}) 17... Kh8 18. g4 {White is barkinh up the wrong tree. Chances of a successful K-side attack are slim, so as previously mentioned, counterattacking black's center with 18.c4! was stronger.} Bd7 {Better would have been 18...Qg8 preventing white's next move.} 19. Ng6+ {Well played! While ot does not force the win it forces black to play exactly to avoid defeat.} Nxg6 {Which he does not...} (19... Kg7 {keeps black in the game.} 20. Nxe5 Be8 {and black can hold his own.}) 20. fxg6 Rxg6 21. Rf7 Qb6+ 22. Kh1 Rg7 23. Qxe5 Rag8 {There is a trap waiting for white in this position!} 24. Ref1 {White threatens Rxg7 and mate witj Re8} (24. Rxd7 {This falls into the trap because now black can force the draw.} Qf2 25. Rg1 (25. Rxg7 Qxe1+ 26. Kg2 Qe2+ {draws. If} 27. Kh3 Qe3+ {White cannot escape the checks because if} 28. Kh4 Qh6+ 29. Kg3 Qxg7 {and black wins.}) 25... Qf3+ 26. Rg2 Qf1+ {draws}) 24... Qb5 25. R1f2 Qc5 26. Rxg7 {Black resigned, It's mate in 3.} (26. Rxg7 Rxg7 27. Rf7 Qg1+ 28. Kxg1 Bxg4 29. Qxg7#) (26. Rxg7 Qxf2 27. Rxd7+ Qf6 28. Qxf6+ Rg7 29. Qxg7#) 1-0

Abbazia 1912

    Abbazia is the old name for Opatija, a Croatian coastal town on the Adriatic Sea that is a fashionable resort. In 1912, the Austrian player Georg Marco conceived the idea for a tournament there in which the King’s Gambit was mandatory. As could be expected, the play was lively and the great tactical genius Rudolf Spielmann won it by a healthy margin. 

    Unfortunately, at the time the tournament was played only Spielmann, Oldrich Duras, Erich Cohn and Paul Leonhardt were regarded as masters so no tournament book was published and many of the games were lost to history. 

    Here is just one of the many exciting games played in the tournament. It’s riddled with errors, but it’s complicated so the players are not to be criticized. 

 

 

    Not much information is available on the Hungarian player Jeno Szekely (1886-1946, 60 years old, but in 1915 the German chess magazine Wiener Schachzeitung reported that he was severely wounded, being shot in both legs and remained for hours in the cold before he was found. As a result, one leg had to be amputated below the knee as well as one foot. Although not well known Szekely was a strong player. Chess metrics estimates his highest ever rating to have been 2646 in 1913, ranking him #14 in the world. 

    Gusraf Nyholm (1880-1957, 77 years old) was born in Stockholm. He was the Nordic Champion in 1917 and Swedish Champion in 1917, 1918, 1919, 1920, 1921, 1922 and 1923. Chess metrics assigns him a highest ever rating of 2510 in 1920, eanking him #20 in the world. 

 

[Event "Abbazia"] [Site ""] [Date "1912.01.15"] [Round "1"] [White "Jeno Szekely"] [Black "Gustaf Nyholm"] [Result "0-1"] [ECO "C33"] [Annotator "Stockfish 18"] [PlyCount "1"] [EventDate "1912.01.15"] {C33: King's Gambit Accepted} 1. d4 (1. e4 e5 2. f4 exf4 3. Bc4 {This is the main alternative to 3.Nf3} (3. Nf3 d5 {This is the Modern Defense, but it was originally known as the known as the Abbazia Defense. It is flexible and mat transpose into the Falkbeer Countergambit. Black's idea is to obtain piece play and fight for the initiative rather than keeping the extra Pawn.} 4. exd5 {This is the most common.} Nf6 5. Bc4 Nxd5 {etc.}) 3... d5 4. Bxd5 {Capturing with the e-Pawn has proven much less effective.} Qh4+ {The other option is 4...Nf6 which is more popular, but statiscticallt no better.} 5. Kf1 Bd6 6. d4 Ne7 7. Nc3 {White would be better advised to retreat the B to b3 or play 7.Nf3 first.} f6 {Evidently black wants to discourage white from playing e5, but securing the twi Bs was more thematic.} 8. Nf3 Qh5 9. Bc4 c6 {This inhibits Nb5.} (9... Nbc6 10. Nb5 g5 11. c3 Ng6 12. Qb3 g4 13. Nxd6+ cxd6 {A tense position with equal chances. Maahs,E (2360)-Nogly,C (2250) Hamburg 1991}) 10. Ne2 g5 {[%mdl 32] Black is building up a dangerous K-side attack and white's best option is now the counterintuitive 11.h4} 11. e5 (11. h4 Rf8 (11... g4 {Oddly. this logocal looking move is not nearly as good as it looks.} 12. Ne1 f3 13. gxf3 gxf3 14. Nf4 Bxf4 15. Bxf4 {and black has no attack. The f-Pawns are weak and white controls the center.}) 12. Qd3 Ng6 13. Qb3 {A complicated position in which the chances are equal.}) 11... fxe5 12. dxe5 Bc7 13. e6 {This P appears to have a severe cramping effect on black's position, but it is black who can claim a clear advantage because white's pieces are poorly posted and lack mobility.} g4 14. Nfd4 Rf8 15. Qd3 f3 16. Nc3 Bg3 {[%mdl 8192] After this white could have gotten the advantage. Stockfish discovered sa clrever line that is even stronger because it gets the other R into play. It's not a line that a human is likely to consider though.} (16... Nd7 17. exd7+ Bxd7 18. Ne4 O-O-O 19. Bg5 Ng6 {Anazing! The R cannot be taken.} 20. g3 (20. Bxd8 fxg2+ 21. Kxg2 Nf4+) 20... Rde8 {and black is winning.}) 17. Be3 (17. Ne4 {Centralizes his pieces and after} fxg2+ 18. Kxg2 Be5 19. Bg5 {White's huge kead in development and the fact that black's K is precariously placed in the center translates to a winning position for white.}) 17... Nd5 {[%mdl 8192] This is a serious error. Driving white's pieces back with either 17...b5 or 17...f5 or even 17...fxg6+ followed by ...Be5 keeps things even.} 18. Nxd5 cxd5 19. Bb5+ Ke7 {Marginally better was interposing the N, either on c6 or d7.} (19... Nc6 {is a better chance.} 20. Nxc6 Bxe6 21. Ne5+ Ke7 22. Bc5+ Kd8 23. Bxf8 Bxe5) 20. Rd1 (20. Bg5+ {wraps up the game.} Kd6 (20... Qxg5 21. hxg3 h5 22. Qa3+ Kd8 23. Qd6+ {wins}) 21. Qa3+ Kc7 22. Qxf8 {and wins}) 20... a6 {Black is out of good moves.} 21. Ba4 (21. Bg5+ {was even stronger.} Qxg5 22. hxg3 axb5 23. Rxh7+ Kf6 24. Qc3 Kg6 25. e7 Re8 26. Nxf3 gxf3 27. Qg7+ Kf5 28. Rxd5+ {maye next move.}) 21... b5 22. Bb3 Bb7 23. Kg1 {There was no time for this...white must keep up the pressure on black's K.} (23. h4 {Threatening Bg5+} gxh3 24. Rxh3 fxg2+ 25. Kxg2 {Black has only one good way to meet the attack on h7 and that is by} Bh4 26. Kh1 {opening the file fot Rg1 and white is winning.}) 23... Bf4 {Prevents Bg5+.} (23... fxg2 {was even better.} 24. Kxg2 Be5 {Both Ks are exposed and so the chances are equal.}) 24. Bxf4 (24. g3 Be5 25. Qc3 {and white has a strong initiative.}) 24... Rxf4 25. Qd2 Qe5 {[%mdl 128]} 26. Qb4+ {[%mdl 8192] Another weak move.} (26. Qc3 Kf6 {Defending the Q and keeping the chances equal.}) 26... Ke8 {Black's K is safe here and now it is white's K that is in grave danger.} 27. Qc3 {Now all black has to do is defend his Q with 27...Nc6 and he should be able to win.} Ke7 {[%mdl 8192] This can only be described as awful! That said, the winning line for white is deeply hidden.} 28. a4 {This fails to take advantage of black's last move, but the winning line is almost impossible to visualize!} (28. Kf2 fxg2+ 29. Kxg2 Qe4+ 30. Kg3 Qe5 31. Rhe1 Re4+ 32. Kg2 {and Stockfish informs us that white is winning after} Ke8 33. Qg3 Nc6 34. Qxe5 Nxe5 35. Nf5 Bc6 36. Nd6+ Ke7 37. Nxe4 dxe4 38. Bd5 Bxd5 39. Rxd5 Kxe6 {and white should win, but don't count on it!}) 28... Bc6 {[%mdl 8192] This generates another question mark from the engine. The chances are about equal after 28...Nc6} 29. Qc5+ Kf6 {White to play and win.} 30. Nxc6 {[%mdl 8192] This rates two question marks.} (30. g3 Re4 31. Kf2 Re2+ 32. Kf1 {Black has no good move.} (32. Nxe2 Qxe2+ {mate next move.}) 32... Kg6 33. Qe7 Qf6 34. Qxf6+ Kxf6 35. Nxe2 fxe2+ 36. Kxe2 Kxe6 37. axb5 axb5 38. h3 {White has a won ending.}) 30... Nxc6 31. Bxd5 Nd4 {Black has a mating attack.} 32. gxf3 Qe3+ 33. Kg2 gxf3+ 34. Kh3 f2+ {Black resigned. It's mate in two.}) 0-1