In any case, in 1951, Americans were buying houses in the suburbs, television, refrigerators and new cars which average $1,500, a cheap $17.600 today. Gas was 10 cents a gallon, $2.23 in today’s dollars which made it cheap even in 1951.
On January 27, nuclear testing officially began at the Nevada Test Site. Between 1951 and 1992, the US government conducted a total of 1,021 nuclear tests there.
I started school in 1951 during the Cold War and remember the “Duck and Cover” precautions were were to take in the event of a nuclear attack. We were taught to hide under a desk or against a wall and cover our neck and face; It would keep us safe. Teachers emphasized that the nearest lage ciyt, some 60 miles away, was targeted by the Russians, so it was very important that we pay attention to the training films we had to watch. You can watch one HERE.
American citizens Julius and Ethel Rosenberg were convicted and sentenced to for conspiracy to commit espionage for the Soviet Union. Eventually, on June 19, 1953, Julius died in the electric chair on the first jolt.
Ethel's execution wasn’t as smooth. She was given the normal three shocks and the equipment was shut down. However, a doctor determined that she was still alive so she was hooked up again and zapped twice more. Smoke rose from her head and she was pronounced dead..
The chess year of 1951 started off with West Germany’s Wolfgang Unzicker winning at Hastings. 1951 was the year the title of International Arbiter was created and the International Braille Chess Association was founded.
Also in January a seven year old Bobby Fischer played Senior Master and US Speed Chess Champion Max Pavey in a simultaneous exhibition. Fischer blundered his Queen 15 minutes into the game. A 14-yea3 old future GM, Edmar Mednis was also playing Pavey and managed a draw.
Milton Hanauer won the 1950-51 Marshall Chess Club championship. and Arnold Denker won the Manhattan Chess Club championship. Seventeen year old James Sherwin won the New York state championship. Mary Bain was the women's champion.
In Connecticut a 22-year old future strong master named James Bolton was the first person in the state to get arrested for draft evasion case under the new Selective Service Act after the outbreak of the Korean War. His defense was that the law was unconstitutional. It wasn’t and he spent one year and a day in jail.
Problemist Alain C. White, Alain (born in 1880) died in Sumerville, South Carolina on On April 23, 1951. Geza Maroczy (1870-1951) died in Budapest at age 81.
In Moscow, Mikhail Botvinnik drew a match with David Bronstein to retain his world championship. Paul Keres won the 19th USSR Championship in Moscow
The Staunton Centenary tournament in England was won by Svetozar Gligoric. Yugoslavia’s Boris Ivkov, age 17, won the first World Junior championship, held in Birmingham, England.
Samuel Reshevsky won the Wertheim Memorial in New York. Larry Evans won the US Championship, also held in New York. Evans also won the US Open, held in Fort Worth, Texas.
Not many of the world’s chess players noticed, but down in Chile Rene Letelier (1915-2006) won the championship of Chile. He was awarded the iM title in 1960.
In the following game Julio Salas Romo (1913 – 1996) defeats his opponent, about whom I could find no information, with a N+B and a passed Pawn which proved too much for his opponent’s Rook. It’s also amusing top watch the wandering of his opponent’s King.
From the late 1930s to the early 1960s, Salas Romo was one of Chile's leading chess players. In 1937, he won his Chile Championship and n repeated in 1954, 1955, and 1962.
A game that I liked (Fritz 17)
Julio Salas Romo–Hugo Zamora1–0B50Chile Championship, Santiago1951Stockfish 16
B50: Sicilian Defense 1.e4 c5 2.b3 c6 3.b2 d6 4.f3 e6 5.d4 cxd4 6.xd4 f6 White gets a better P-formation after this, so 6...Bd7 might e a
better idea. 7.xc6 bxc6 8.e5 dxe5 9.xd8+ xd8 Watch the King...it's
going to mosey up to e5. 10.xe5 g4 10...b4+ 11.c3 c5 12.e2 e7 13.f3 d7 14.d2 hc8 White is better. Varga,Z (2534)-Pogorelov,R (2449)
Balaguer 2003 11.b2 c5 12.e2 Very nice! This takes advantage of the
undefended N. f6 12...xf2+? 13.f1+- and black must lose a piece. 12...xf2 does not work either. 13.f1± 13.xg7 g8 13...e4 14.xf7 b4+ 15.c3 d6 16.xg7 xh2 17.c4 e5 18.c3 g3+ 19.d1 f2+ 20.d2 f4+ 21.e1 e3 22.f7 g4 23.e4 h6 24.d1+ d4 25.xd4 1-0 Krejci,
J (2530)-Fuchs,M (2206) Aschach AUT 2014 13.0-0 e7± 14.c3 d8 15.a4 d6 16.ad1 b7 17.f3 ac8 18.d4 Black's weak Q-side Ps are a cause for
concern. a6 19.c4 White would like to be able to play Nc5. c5 19...h6 20.c5 xc5 21.xc5+ e8 22.xd8+ xd8 23.d1+ c7 24.xa7 and white
would be winning. 20.c3 Keeping the pressure on the v-Pawn with 20.Be3
would have been more accurate. d7 21.fe1 b7 This repositioning of the B
males sense, but it's a tactical mistake as white alertly demonstrates. Black
had to stay passive and defend with 20...Ne8 22.xd6 xd6 22...xd6 23.xb7 c7 24.f3 c8 The endings were ratjer tedious, but white
prevailed in 5 Shootouts as the black R was no match for the two Bs. 25.h3 23.d1+ d5 23...c7 24.e5+ d8 25.xd7+ xd7 26.xb7 xe5 27.xc8 xc8 28.xc5 with a won N+P ending. 24.cxd5 xd5 25.xd5 exd5 26.xg7 e7 27.b2 d4 28.a3 d5 29.f1 Safety first...he eliminates any possibility of a
first rank mate plus it brings the K closer th the blacks Ps...a handy thing
in a few moves. He is now ready to add the R to the attack on che c-Pawn. e6 30.c1 c4 Blacj is defending very well...his Ps offer him some play. 31.b2 Very well played! 31.bxc4+ not only makes white task more difficult, but
it allows the advantage to swing over to black. xc4 32.xc4 xc4 33.c5 h6 34.h3 g6 35.g3 d3 36.e1 g5 37.d1 e5 38.b7 e2 and black is better. 31...c3 32.d3 e4 33.f3 e3± 34.b4+ e6 35.e1 Black's R is too
well placed to leave it on the board. 35.c2 d3 36.e1+ d7 37.c1
And noe black has a magic move that equalizes! d2 38.xd2 38.b4 a5 39.d5 d6 40.f4 xa2 38...cxd2 39.d1 xc2 40.e2 xa2 White has to be
caresult that he doesn;t lose by playing 41.Rxd2 41.d3 41.xd2 xd2+ 42.xd2 c6 43.d3 b5 44.xd4 b4 and wins. 41...b2 42.xd4 xb3 43.xd2 b5 44.a2 a5 45.c4 c6 This position is drawn. 35...xe1+ 36.xe1 c5 37.e2 A tiny slip that allows black to equalize! 37.c1 leaves black
tied up...However, the possibilities are enfless! a5 38.d3 c8 39.d1 g8 39...h5 40.f4+ d6 41.xh5 h8 42.g4 d3 43.f4+ d5 40.f4+ e5 41.e2 h6 42.d3 d8 43.g3 d7 44.e2 h5 45.f4+ d5 46.xd4 37...a5 A subtle error...this is the wrong Rook file! 37...h5 38.h3 g5 39.g4 e5+ 40.d3 e3+ 41.xd4 xf3 42.d3 c2 43.c1 g3 44.d2 f6 45.c3 xh3 46.xc2 with a likely draw. 38.c2 d5 39.d3 f5 40.f8 White is
clearly winning. a6 41.a4 e6 42.b4 42.g7 is not quite as precise/ d5 43.xd4+ f7 44.h6 c2 45.c4 d7 46.xc2 42...d5 43.xd4+ f6 44.xc3 d8 45.b4 e5 46.b5 axb5 47.axb5 f4 48.c4 g8 49.g4 Black resigbed. A
touchy ending that was played quite well by both players! 1–0
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