Sham sacrifices involve losses of material only for a definable amount of time (i.e. a certain number of moves before the material is regained). Real sacrifices, the amount of time required for recovering the material is not clear.
Therefore sham sacrifices are temporary and involve no risk.
After a series of forced moves the material is either recovered with advantage or mates delivered. The consequences of the sacrifice were foreseen from the first. Spilemann made the clever observation that “Properly speaking, there is no sacrifice, only an advantageous business deal.”
He divided sham sacrifices into three groups: 1) positional sacrifices (they lead to forced recovery of the material lost with an improvement in position, 2) sacrifices for gain and 3) mating sacrifices.
Real sacrifices involve giving up material, but the player cannot calculate the consequences with accuracy. Instead, he has to rely on
his judgment.
In real sacrifices the player obtains dynamic advantages which, hopefully, can realize gradually. Failure will most likely result in the loss of the game. These sacrifices are risky and compared with sham sacrifices, they real are much more difficult to categorize. Unlike the sham sacrifice where the aims are clear, real sacrifices are vague.
When it comes to Queen sacrifices, real Queen sacrifices are always a partial sacrifice...the loss of the Queen is offset by other material, but not fully. For example, compensation may be a Rook and a minor piece or some such, but always less than the material equivalent of the Queen.
The following game features a Queen sacrifice about which Spielmann made some helpful observations. He observed that, “In the real Queen sacrifice, the minimum compensation which has to be looked for, should comprise two minor pieces and two Pawns. If it is smaller than that, the sacrifice, if sound, is necessarily a sham sacrifice. “
Spielmann also stated, where the material compensation for the Queen ism say three minor pieces or two Rooks then the exchange cannot be called a sacrifice, but rather a “favorable exchange or even a gain of material.”
The bottom line, according to Spielmnn, is that “the Queen sacrifice
has its own characteristics, based on material circumstances and cannot be classified...with other types (of sacrifices).
Rudolf Spielmann–Jorgen Moeller1–0C33GothenburgGothenburg SWE04.08.1920Stockfish/Komodo
King's Gambit Accepted 1.e4 e5 2.f4 exf4 3.f3 c6 4.c3 f6 5.d4 d5 6.e5 e4 7.b5 Very interesting...and technically a bad mistake, but Spielmann
already is planning a Q sacrifice...and it's going to be successful! 7.xf4 g5 followed by ...g4 and black has the initiative. 7...h4+ Spielmann
commented that with this move black accepts the challenge, but as an
alternative he could have continued his development with 7...Be7. Actulyy, the
text move secures what practically amounts to a winning advantage for black. 8.f1 8.g3 is no better. fxg3 9.hxg3 xg3+ 10.xg3 xg3 Black is two
Ps up and has a won position because white has zero compensation for them. 8...g5 This move is more dangerous to white than the immediate 9...g3+ 8...g3+ 9.hxg3 xh1 10.xd5 d7 11.xf4 White only has a N+P for the R and he
is better developed, but black's defenses are adequate so that black actually
has the advantage. 9.d2 g4 While this wins the Q black
should have decline the offer with 9...Bf5! Of course, capturing the Queen is
tempting and it's made all the more so since black has an extra P. 9...f5
and black stays clearly on top. 10.d3 g3+ 11.hxg3 xd3+ 12.xd3 xh1 13.gxf4 and black clearly has the better position after either 13...g4 or 13...
gxf4 10.xe4 xf3 11.xf3 White only has a B+N vs Q+P which is not enough
compensation, nut he does have active piece play. Technically it's not enough,
but practically black must defend accurately...which he does not. h6 12.f6+ d8 A slightly more accurate defense is 12...Ke7, but only an engine would
see that! 13.h4 This excellent move is Spielmann's point. Black has a
significant material advantage in having a Q vs white's N+B, but 13.h4
completely shatters his P-formation so that he cannot avoid the loss of
several Ps. e7 We will soon see black's pieces, especially his K, become
insecure while white's gain scope. Also, white's solid P-formation does not
allow black's Q any targets and will be exposed to harassment from white's
pieces. Spielmann makes the observation that the sacrifice has, as they often
do, resulted in the opponent failing to succeed in finding a useful plan. He
adds, "The fact that a sacrifice frequently causes planlessness and confusion
in the opponent's game, is confirmed in this instance also." 13...g4
was more active. After 14.g5 g6 15.xd5 f3 16.gxf3 gxf3 17.h3 h6 18.f4 f5 19.d3 d7 20.e4 e7 Black is hanging in there. 14.xg5 g6 15.xd5 xg5 16.hxg5 c2 Spielmann stated that the Q is badly placed here
because it is in danger of being trapped. 16...xg5 17.xf4 f5 and black
should be able to defend his position. Even though the position is evaluated
as equal, white's pieces are very active which is a promising situation. 17.e2 To prevent ...Qd1+ e7 18.xf4 c5 Black is entirely undeveloped plus
his K and Q are badly placed. Add bad P weaknesses on the K-side and threats
from white's active pieces and it's cler that black is in trouble. Bow he
makes a further mistake in opening up the position. Relatively best was 18...
Ng6. Another possible defense was 18...a5 with the idea of getting the R into
play with ...Ra6 19.h3 This gets the R into the action. cxd4
As noted black should not have opened up the position and so this is a
decisive mistake. 19...g6 was a better defense. 20.d5 c8 21.d3 c4 22.f3 c6 23.xf7 f8 24.f6 White is better. 20.d3 And so black's
Queen is trapped and 21.Bd1 is threatened and the only escape square (a4) is
easily refuted. d7 20...a4 21.xd4+ 21.d1 xd3+ 22.xd3 dxc3 23.bxc3 In addition to the superior position white has the advantage of two Bs and a
P vs a Rook which assures him on an easily won game. ad8 24.e2 f5 25.f4 c7 26.b1 b6 27.e6+ c8 28.e5 Black resigned 1–0
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