On July 8, 1947, Roswell Army Air Field issued a press release stating that they had recovered what they called a flying disc, but they quickly retracted the statement and said the metallic and rubber debris was from a weather balloon and that was pretty much the end of the story.
Then in the late 1970s, a retired Lieutenant Colonel, Jesse Marcel, in an interview with an ufologist said he believed the debris he retrieved at Roswell was extraterrestrial and the Roswell Incident was born.
Ufologists began promoting a variety of increasingly elaborate conspiracy theories claiming that one or more alien spacecraft had crash-landed and that the extraterrestrial occupants had been recovered by the military which they then covered up.
In 1994, the U.S. Air Force published a report identifying the crashed object as a nuclear test surveillance balloon from Project Mogul. This only fueled the conspiracy theorists’ claims.
So, it turned out that the conspiracy theorists were right...the government had lied and there was a cover up! Project Mogul was an Air Force secret project to detect nuclear tests acoustically by using microphones mounted on high altitude balloons. When one of those balloons crashed in Roswell, the government covered it up by saying it was just a weather balloon.
Speaking of outer space, the first animals in space were fruit flies that were launched in a V-2 rocket by the United States; they were recovered alive.
The following game was played in the Manhattan Chess Club Championship. Arnold Denker claimed it showed the essential difference between a talented younger player and the “old guard.” Carl Pilnick was 24 years old; Denker, the seasoned veteran who represented the old guard, was only 36 himself.
Denker claimed the contrast in styles was evident. Pilnick played with no plan and his play lacked flexibility. On the other hand, Denker varied his methods to meet the requirements of the position and so, naturally, he won. However you describe the game, according to Stockfish Denker’s play was nearly flawless!
Arnold Denker–Carl Pilnick1–0C01Manhattan CC Champ, New York1947Stockfish 15.1
French Defense 1.e4 e6 2.d4 d5 3.c3 f6 4.d3 This old move should
give black little trouble in equalizing. Denker chose it because of the
element of surprise hoping Pilnick would not be familiar with it. c5 5.exd5 exd5 5...cxd4 6.b5+ d7 7.xd7+ xd7 8.xd4 is equally
playable. c6 6.f3 c4 Well played by Pilnick! It limits white's play. 7.e2 e7 7...b4 was a more active option. 8.d2 8.0-0 0-0 9.g5 xc3 10.bxc3 h6 is completely equal. Topi-Hulmi,T (2235)-Berezjuk,S (2371) Krakow
2014 8...0-0 9.0-0 c6 10.a3 xc3 11.xc3 e4 equals. Zlatanovic,B
(2318)-Gagic,M (2166) Pozarevac SRB 2022 8.0-0 0-0 9.g5 h6 10.h4 c6 11.e5 a5 Denker didn't care for this move which is the one preferred by
engines. 12.f3 e6 13.e1 The threat is Ng6, but it should hold no real
danger for black. fd8 13...ad8 was somewhat more precise. 14.g6 fxg6 15.xe6 g5 and black is slightly better. 14.g6 a3 An ingenious reply,
but it's not quite sufficient. 14...fxg6 15.xe6 g5 16.g3 b4 gives
black sufficient play. 15.xf6 15.bxa3 is not quite as good. After xc3 16.xf6 gxf6 17.f4 xd4 black has enough compensation in the form of
active play for his wrecked K-side Ps. 15...gxf6 This is where Pilnick
really goes wrong. 15...xb2 offers a tougher defense. 16.xd8 xd8
Now the best plan for white is continue with 17.xe6 fxe6 18.e2 xa1 19.xa1 b4 20.e1 20.h4 xa2 21.c3 xc2 with complications that should
eventually favor white...should. 20...xa2 21.e7+ f8 22.g6+ White
must take the draw. 16.d2 The Q's entry into the attack spells the end. h7 Of course the b-Pawn is immune. 16...xb2 17.xh6 fxg6 18.xg6+ h8 19.xf6+ and black gets mated in 9 moves. g8 20.g5+ h8 21.h6+ g8 22.xe6 d6 23.ae1 xe6 24.xe6 e5 25.e7 f7 26.g6+ h8 27.xf7 xc3 28.g7# 17.bxa3 xg6 18.ab1 d7 19.b5 d8 20.e2 The N gets repositioned
to join the attack. a6 21.bb1 h7 22.f4 f5 23.c3 g5 The Q's coming to
the defense of the K is the wrong strategy, but black' sposition is not very
stable in any case. His best try was probably 23...Ne7 and 24...Ng6 24.h4
The beginning of the last phase of establishing an overwhelming end-game.
Black's Ps are all on the same color as his B; his N is purely a defensive
piece and his K-side Ps are broken. For these reasons he should have avoided
the exchange of Qs at all cost. xf4 This plays into white's hands. Avoiding
the exchange of Qs with 24...Qd4 was his best chance to keeo fighting. 25.xf4 e7 There was nothing that was really better. 26.xd5 Liquidating
down to a won ending. xd5 27.xd5 xe1+ 28.xe1 g6 29.xc4 a5 30.d3 f6 31.e7 White threatens g4 and mate. c8 32.g4 Black resigned bcause it's
mate in 3. Pilnick's play was actually not bad at all, but Denker's was nearly
flawless. 32.g4 c5 32...c4 33.xf5# 33.dxc5 h5 34.xf5+ h6 35.h7# 1–0
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