The USSR Chess Championship, held in Leningrad, was won Mikhail Botvinnik. The American Chess Federation (ACF) championship (aka the U.S. Open) was held in New York and was won by Reuben Fine ahead of Samuel Reshevsky and I.A. Horowitz.
The Chess Olympiad (known at the time as the Hamilton-Russell Cup) and Women’s World Championship was held in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Germany won followed by Poland s and Estonia. Vera Menchik-Stevenson won the Women’s World Championship.
On September 1, the day the finals commenced, Germany invaded Poland, starting World War II and the English team returned home immediately.
At the conclusion of events, many participants decided to stay in Argentina or moved elsewhere in South America, rather than face an uncertain future by returning to a Europe in the midst of war. Among them were all five members of the German team (Eliskases, Michel, Engels, Becker, Reinhardt).
Finally, at the end of the year the American Chess Federation and the National Chess Federation formed the United States Chess Federation.
There was no nation of Israel and in Palestine, Britain's military and diplomatic efforts brought the Arab Rebellion, which had started in 1935, to an end in the late summer of 1939.
The following slugfest, that is probably the best word you could use for such a game as Winz-Czerniak, was played in the Palestine championship. It was a game in which attack and defense changed hands and ingenious sacrifices were countered by even more ingenious ones.
It looked like black could have resigned after 13.Rxa7, but Czerniak kept fighting and eventually prevailed at the end by avoiding a shrewd attempt by his opponent to set up a stalemate.
Viktor Winz (1896-?) was a Palestine/Israeli–Argentine master. He was born in Germany and began his career in Berlin. He emigrated to Palestine (then under the British Mandate) in the early 1930s.
Winz played for the Palestine team in three Olympiads (1934, 1935 and 1939. When World War II broke out during the 1939 Olympiad Winz remained in Argentina permanently.
Moshe Czerniak (1910-1984) was a Polish-Israeli International Master. Czerniak emigrated from Poland to Israel in 1934. And, like his opponent, after the 1939 Olympiad he also decided to remain in Argentina. He returned to Israel in 1950.
Victor Winz–Moshe Czerniak0–1D70Palestine Championship, Tel Aviv1939Stockfish 15
Gruenfeld Defense 1.d4 f6 2.c4 g6 3.f3 A so called Anti-Gruenfeld line
that allows black a wide choice, including transposing into the Samisch
variation of the King's Indian if he wishes. d5 4.cxd5 xd5 5.e4 b6 6.c3 g7 7.e3 0-0 This constitutes the main line, but with his next move white
deviates from the usual 8.Qd2 8.f4 This forces black to play enterprisingly
if he does not want to face a strogn attack by white's Ps. c6 9.d5 b8 9...a5 is more precise. After 10.d4 e5 11.xe5 xe5 12.fxe5 h4+ 13.g3 e7 14.d4 d8 15.b4 ac4 16.xc4 xb4 black should be able to hold his own
even against white's impressive center. 10.a4 Best! 10.d4 was played
in Korchnoi,V (2615)-McShane,L (2625) Igualada 2005 h6 11.f3 c6 12.h4 cxd5 13.exd5 e5 14.xe5 8d7 15.d4 f6 16.0-0-0 d6 17.xf6 xf6 Black is
better and went on to win a well played ending. 10...e5 The safe line
begins with 10...c6 10...a5 lead to white's advantage in Richter,M (2470)
-Aabling-Thomsen,J (2365) Copenhagen 2014 11.f3 a6 12.xb6 cxb6 11.a5
This is the logical followup, but white has unsuccessfully tried both 11.fxe5
and 11.f5 here. exf4 12.axb6 This turns out to be a serious
mistake. Correct was 12.Bxf4 fxe3 13.xa7 White was probably chuckling to
himself over having played this because black is lost after he plays the
obvious 13...Rxa7 h4+ Inviting, but this move is actually a clunker. 13...xa7 14.bxa7 h4+ 15.g3 f6 16.c2 16.axb8 f2# 16...a6 17.a8 13...g4 The winner! 14.xg4 xc3+ 15.bxc3 f6 16.g3 xc3+ 17.e2 d7 18.xe3 b2+ and black has a decisive advantage. 14.g3 Equalizing. xc3+ 15.bxc3 xe4 15...f6 Threatens mate on f2, but it allows white to gain
the advanatge after 16.c2 h3 The only way to avoid losing more material. 17.xh3 a6 White's extra material is enough to win. 16.f3 Best. 16.xa8 would lose after xh1 17.f3 cxb6 18.xb8 g4 19.xf8+ xf8 20.d6 xf3 and incredibly black has a mate in 11 as follows. 21.d4 e8 22.e5+ d7 23.e7+ c6 24.c7+ d5 25.d7 xf1+ 26.xf1 e2+ 27.e1 e6 28.d8 c6 29.ce7+ f5 30.xf7+ e4 31.f4# 16...g4 17.xa8 Finally! xf3
It appears that black's attack will be devastating. 18.d3 e5 18...xh1 loses to 19.xe4 xe4 20.bxc7 d7 21.xf8+ xf8 22.c8 19.bxc7 Forceful, tricky, but not the best. 19.g1 Prosaic, but equalizing. c5 20.dxc6 xc6 21.e2 followed by Rf1 with equal chances. 19...xc7 19...xh1 would be mistake. 20.d6 c6 21.xf8+ xf8 22.c8+ 20.g1
Aiming for Bg2. b6 20...xd5 would have given black the advantage. White
should now play 21.Be2, but he must avoid 21.xd5 xc3+ 22.d1 c8 when
black is winning. 21.g4 White has missed the point of black's last move. 21.e2 was the only good move. xe2 22.xe2 and black must be very
careful! b2+ 22...e8 defends the P, but loses after 23.b1 f6 24.f1 b6 25.d6 b2+ 26.f3 Black has no reasonable defense. 23.xe3 xh2
with equal chances. 21...d8 21...e2 is slightly more accurate. 22.xf3 e8 23.xe2 xg1+ 24.f1 xh2 22.g3 22.e2 xe2 23.xe2 b2+ 24.xe3 xh2 25.d1 e8+ 26.f3 h5 and black is clearly better. 22...xd5 23.xb8+ This is slightly better than 23.Rxf3 g7 24.xf3 24.xb7 is tricky,
but insufficient. xd3 24...xb7 25.xe3 and white has plenty of play
left. 25.xf7+ 25.xb6 d1# 25...xf7 26.xf3+ g7 27.xd3 c5 28.e2 28.xe3 xc3+ 29.e2 b2+ 30.e1 xh2 with a won ending. 28...xc3 29.xe3 Black should win the ending. 24...xd3 25.xd3 Black is winning...
but only if he finds the right move! c7 Which he does. 25...d6 26.xb7 xd3 27.bxf7+ draws. g8 27...h6 28.g5+ xg5 29.g3+ h6 30.h3+ 28.f8+ etc. 26.e8 xc3+ 27.f1 xd3+ The ending is hopelessly lost for
white, but he succeeds in making things as difficult as possible for his
opponent. 28.g2 d2+ 29.g3 e2 30.fe3 e1+ 31.h3 f1+ 32.g3 g1+ 33.h3 f2 34.8e5 b5 35.g5 h5 36.5e4 b4 37.xe2 f3+ 38.h4 b3 39.2e3 f2+ 40.h3 b2 Black has a mate in 13 after both 41.Rb3 and 41.Re1
and quicker mates after everything else. But...white has one last trick up his
sleeve. 41.e8 An amazing resource. Winz plays for a stalemate trap where
he would be two Qs down. xe3+ Clinching the win and so white resigned. 41...b1 This hasty move would have been a tragic mistake. 42.g8+ xg8 43.e8+ g7 44.g8+ xg8 stalemate 0–1
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