It’s not unusual to see raging forum debates among lower rated players about when, or even if, you should resign.
One common argument is that you should never resign because you can always try to create a stalemate. In 60+ years I’ve had exactly zero serious tournament games end in stalemate. If memory serves there have been a couple of offhand or blitz games but the stalemates weren’t the result of a cleverly “created” trap, but rather the result of a gross blunder.
The truth is “never resign" is beginner thinking and it should be! Beginners are prone to making horrific blunders. Once I saw a player offer a draw in an ending where he had a R+K vs. K. He commented, “There must be a way to win, but I don’t know how to do it.” HIS opponents should NEVER resign!
On the other hand, knowing when to resign is a sign of chess maturity. You should play until you are out of ideas...then it's OK to resign.
Bobby Fischer once said he knew he was lost, but instead of resigning he played on a few more moves to make sure it was really true! Perhaps that’s not a bad idea because it may prevent things from happening like what happened to the great Miguel Najdorf in his game against Raul Sanquineti at Mar del Plata in 1956; he resigned in what has been claimed was a won position.
I think the claim that Najdorf resigned in won position came in the days before engines. Najdorf was not winning at all...not even close. In fact it was Sanguineti who was winning until he blundered and allowed a drawn position in which Najdorf resigned.
I ran Shootouts with Stockfish 11 and the games were all drawn. Usually they came down to white having a Q vs. R+B+2Ps and white got a perpetual check.
Najdorf resigned because he thought there was no defense against 59.Qe7 mate and didn't see that 58...Rxg4 gave his K an escape square on f5...an incredible oversight from a player of his stature and it cost him a clear first. It's also obvious that Sanguineti, a strong player himself, missed it in what was a double oversight. It's possible time may have been a factor.
Tim Krabbe has 35 examples of players resigning in won positions HERE.
Final standings:
1) Julio Bolbochan and Najdorf 11.5
3) Sanguineti 10.5
4) Eliskases 10.0
5-6) Jacobo Bolbochan and Redolfi 9.5
7) Shocron 9.0
8-9) Behrensen and Idigoras 8.5
10) Pelikan 8.0
11) Maderna 7.5
12) Wexler 6.5
13) Toth 6.0
14-15) Rossetto and Reinhardt 4.5
15) Olivera 2.5
16) Gondim 0.0
[Event "Mar del Plata"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "1956.3.26"]
[Round "12"]
[White "Raul Sanguineti"]
[Black "Miguel Najdorf"]
[Result "1-0"]
[WhiteELO "?"]
[BlackELO "?"]
%Created by Caissa's Web PGN Editor
{English Opening vs King's Indian} 1. Nf3 Nf6 2. c4 {The English is a flexible
opening that even Fischer who considered 1.e4 to be the best used it towards
the end of his career. It can lead to dull, boring positions or those that are
extremely dynamic.} 2... g6 3. g3 Bg7 4. Bg2 O-O 5. O-O d6 6. Nc3 e5 7. d3 {
Statistically white does better with this move than with 7.d5} 7... h6 8. Bd2
Nc6 { An interesting alternative is 8...Nh5 followed by ...f5} 9. Rb1 a5 10.
a3 Be6 11. b4 axb4 12. axb4 e4 13. Ne1 exd3 14. exd3 d5 15. c5 Re8 {In
Mendoza,R (2198)-Oswaldo Valentin,R (2302)/Lima 2013 black tried 15...d4, but
got nothing. In this games things are pretty boring so just skip ahead to
34.cxb6. } 16. b5 Nd4 17. Nc2 Bg4 18. f3 Nxc2 19. Qxc2 Be6 20. Ne2 Nd7 21.
Bc3 Bxc3 22. Qxc3 Qf6 23. Rfc1 Ra2 24. Qxf6 Nxf6 25. Bf1 Rea8 26. Nc3 R2a3
27. d4 Bf5 28. Rb2 g5 29. h3 Kf8 30. Kf2 b6 31. g4 Bg6 32. Rd2 Rb3 33. Be2
Raa3 34. cxb6 {He could have retreated to d1 but Sanguineti is staking
everything on his b-Pawn. Even so, it's not quite enough to win.} 34... Rxc3
35. Rxc3 Rxc3 36. b7 Nd7 37. Ra2 { Up to this point the game has been quite
even, but now black should play 37... Ke7 and if 38.Ra8 Bd3 which keeps things
in balance.} 37... Rc2 {After this move black is lost.} 38. Ra8+ {Of course if
he exchanges Rs white is just a piece down.} 38... Ke7 39. Ke3 Rc3+ 40. Kd2
Rc2+ 41. Kd1 c6 42. b6 Rb2 43. b8=Q Nxb8 44. Rxb8 {Material is equal but
white's b-Pawn gives him excellent winning chances. } 44... Rb1+ 45. Kd2 Rb2+
46. Kc3 Rxe2 {With his next move white gets a little too fancy. Better was
47.b7! Rc2+ 48.Kb3 Rc1 and now 49.Re8+ maintaining a slight advantage.} 47.
Re8+ {After this Stockfish is predicting a draw.} 47... Kxe8 48. b7 Re3+ 49.
Kb4 Rxf3 50. b8=Q+ Kd7 51. Qb7+ Kd6 52. Qc8 Rxh3 53. Qd8+ Ke6 54. Kc5 {Now
after 54...f6!! 55.Qd6+ Kf7 56.Kxc5 Be4 there is no way for white to win and
the game would be drawn.} 54... Rc3+ {This tempting check actually gives white
winning chances.} 55. Kb6 f6 56. Qf8 {White could have kept his winning
chances alive with 56.Qg8+! Bf7 57.Qf8+ picking off a K-side P.} 56... Re3 {A
fatal blunder. Either 56...Rc4 or 56...Rd3 going after the d-Pawn was
correct.} 57. Kc7 {White's K supporting the Q plus black's lack of flight
squares for his K give white the victory.} 57... Re4 {Engine analysis reveals
that Sanguineti has a mate in 20 moves after 58.Qg8+ and 59.Qxg6} 58. Kd8
{Threatening mate with 59. Qe7 mate. Incredibly both players overlooked
58...Rxg4 making f5 available for the K and white has nothing more than a
draw. Not seeing 58...Rxg4 Najdorf resigned!} 1-0
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