The Swedish player Hans Lindehn played 1.e4 e5 2.d4 exd4 3.c3 on a regular basis from 1857 and even defeated future World Champion Wilhelm Steinitz with it in London im 1864.
The gambit was popularized by the Danish player Martin S. From when he played it in the 1867 Paris tournament. I have experimented with the Danish Gambit Reversed (1. e4 d5 2. exd5 c6 3. dxc6 e5 4. cxb7 Bxb7) in online Blitz games, but I don’t recommend it!
At one time the Danish was popular with attacking players like Marshall, Blackburne, Mieses and even Alekhine, but as good defensive lines were discovered, by the 1920s it had disappeared. Nobody plays it today.
The idea of the gambit traces back to the correspondence game between London and Edinburgh in 1824 which opened 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.d4 exd4 4.Bc4 Bc5 5.c3 Qe7 6.0-0 dxc3 7.Nxc3.
Here is an early example of the Danish by Martin Severin Janus From (1828-1895) who is best known for creating the sharp From's Gambit against the Bird (1.f4 e5).
From was born in Nakskov, a small market town on the island of Lolland in south Denmark. He his schooling he entered the army as a volunteer during the Prussian–Danish War (February to October in 1864) and took part in the Battle of Fredericia on July 6,1849 which was win by the Dames.
After the war From settled in Copenhagen and was employed by the Statistical Bureau where he met Magnus Mollerstrom, then the strongest player in Copenhagen.
After that he worked in the central office for prison management, and in 1890 he became an inspector of the penitentiary of Christianshavn, an area if small islands. In 1891 he received the order Ridder af Dannebrog, the second highest of Danish orders.
From won a chess tournament in Copenhagen 1862. In 1865 he was elected President of the Copenhagen Chess Association and held that position for many years.
Martin From–Emil Schallopp1–0C21CopenhagenCopenhagen1867Stockfish 17
C21: Danish Gambit 1.e4 e5 1...d5 2.exd5 c6 3.dxc6 e5 4.cxb7 xb7 5.c3 Probably best, but white often plays 5.Bb5+ which is not especially dangerous to black. c5 I have played this sort of reversed Danish many times in online Blitz games with mixed results, but it;s not to be recommended in serious games! 2.d4 exd4 3.c3 Black can decline the gambit with 3...d5 or the seldom played 3...Qe7 which is not only the engine's first choice, but ot also gives the best results statistically. dxc3 White's main choices are now 4.Nxc3 and 4.Bc4. 4.c4 Alekhine preferred 4.Nxc3 which often transposes into the Goring Gambit of the Scotch Game. The text move offers another P which black can decline transposing into the Goring Gambit. cxb2 Thus capture allows white's two Bs to aim at vlack's K. White often follow up with Qb3 if possible, applying pressure on b7- and f7 and, also, on the long diagonal which can make it difficult for black to develop his Bs. 5.xb2 c6 5...d5 6.xd5 6.exd5 f6 7.e2 b4+ 8.bc3 0-0 9.0-0 c6 10.b3 a5 11.dxc6 xc6 12.ad1 b6 13.c2 b4 14.f5 xf5 0-1 Ledesma,J-Subramanian,A ICC INT 2009 6...c6 5...h6 6.f3 b4+ 7.f1 f8 8.bd2 d6 9.b3 d7 is equal. Lucchetti,P (2221)-Collas,D (2354) Besancon FRA 1999 6.d2 This is a but too passive. 6.N3 keeps the position about even. f6 7.e5 This results in a sharp tactical position that is somewhat in black's favor. Safer was 7.Ngf3. g4 A surprising move...the N cannot be taken. 8.xf7+ 8.xg4 d5 9.g3 dxc4 Black has a two P advantage and white is facing threats like ...Qd3 and ...Nb4 and so black is winning. 8...xf7 9.xg4 d5 Black has an extra P, but his K is dangerously exposed, so the chances can be considered about equal, but as is often the case, the defender's task (in this case black's) is the more difficult. 10.f4+ e8 It's quite naural that he does not want to hem his R in with 10...Kg8, but it would be safer there than it is in the center. 11.gf3 c5 How can this developing move be wrong? But it is! He need to jeep pressure on white's e-Pawn. 11...e7 12.a3 12.0-0 b4 puts white in a difficult position. 12...d8 13.0-0 e6 14.e3 c5 Black is better because white has run out of attacking moves. 12.0-0 White has compensation. fir his slight material deficit because of the precarious position of black's K. f8 13.g3 g6 14.ad1 e6 15.e4 A horrible tactical mistake that should have lost! There is no firced win, but this move keeos the initiative. 15.g5 e7 16.b3 b6 17.a3 xa3 18.xe6 wuth the slightly better chances. 15...dxe4 No doubt From was not expecting this. 16.xd8+ xd8 White has a Q vs R+B+P which in this case is more than enough compensation owing to his active position. Although it tool some time (50 moves or so) black scored 5 -0 in Shootouts. 17.g5 Black now misplays the attack on f2 captururing with the wrong piece. xf2 The threat of a discivered check looks devastatingm but white can now launch a seriers of checks that culminate in a win! 17...Bxf2+ leaves white without a decent reply. 17...xf2+ 18.xf2 d1+ 19.f1 dxf1# 17...xf2+ 18.h1 xg3 17...xf2+ 18.xf2 xf2 19.xf2 c4 20.c1 d2+ 21.e3 e2+ 22.f4 h6 23.h7 g5+ 24.g3 e6 Black is winning. 18.xe6 b6 He would still lost, but 18...Rf3+ is a stouter defense. 19.g7+ f7 20.xf2+ xg7 20...xf2+ 21.xf2+ xg7 22.e6+ mates in 6 d4 23.f7+ h6 24.c1+ d2 25.xd2+ e3 26.xe3+ g5 27.f6+ h5 28.xg5# 21.e6+ g8 The threat is ...Rd1# but white has an easy way to meet it. 22.b3 Thus also threatens e7+ e7 23.f1 The game is over. e3 24.f7 d2 25.xe7 f2+ 26.e1 a5+ 27.c3 Black resigned...white has a forced mate. 27.c3 f8 28.xh7 e8 29.b5+ c6 30.h8+ f8 31.xb7 xc3+ 32.e2 xh8 33.f7+ d8 34.d7# 1–0
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