There was political turmoil in Argentina in 1955, but the tournament was completed before the June 16th bombing of Plaza de Mayo, a massacre that took place in Buenos Aires when 30 aircraft from the Argentine Navy and Air Force strafed and bombed the square in the largest aerial bombing ever on the Argentine mainland. It was a failed attempt by Argentine Naval Aviation to overthrow President Peron.
The first bomb to be dropped fell upon a bus packed with children, killing everyone on board. Peron sources claimed those killed to be around 400, but the official police report put the number at 136. Much later, in 1965, a journalist claimed that once the fighting had ended, in the immediate vicinity of Plaza de Mayo 2,000 were killed.
Peron was finally overthrown in September in the Revolucion Libertadora and Major General Eduardo Lonardi took office as president. The same month Major General Pedro Eugenio Aramburu overthrew Lonardi.
Switzerland banned nearly all forms of motor-racing after the 1955 Le Mans (France) disaster in which parts of a crashed car flew in the stands, injuring 180 and killing 84 spectators.
In a dark and evil event in Mississippi, a 14-year-old African American boy, Emmett Till, was abducted, tortured and lynched for allegedly flirting with a white woman. The murderers, Roy Bryant and his half brother J.W. Milam, were acquitted in a trial by an all white male jury. Protected against double jeopardy, the two men publicly admitted in a 1956 interview with Look magazine that they had tortured and murdered the boy, selling the story of how they did it for $4,000 (almost $43,000 today).
It was predicted that 1955 was going to be a tough year because of a predicted polio outbreak. And, at the Boston Children’s Hospital patients with polio started arriving earlier and in higher numbers than usual. It was the first sign of an outbreak that would go down in history. One good thing did happen in 1955...Dr. Jonas Salk started inoculating children against polio.
On January 31st former British champion (1905, 1906, 1907, 1908, 1909, 1910, 1911, 1924 and 1925) Henry Atkins (1872-1955) died in Huddersfield, England at the age of 82. Also in England, in May, H.J.R. Murray (1868-1955), a prominent chess historian died at the age of 86.
In November, in Los Angeles, the prominent US player and 1948 US Champion Herman Steiner (1905-1955) died during the California State Championship. And, in December, England lost another player, the 1912 British Champion and co-author of Modern Chess Openings, Richard C. Griffith. About a week later yet another British player, William Winter (1898-1955) died tuberculosis. He was the British Champion in 1935 and 1936.
On the lighter side, television remote controls became available to the public and the microwave was invented. Finally, tap dancer Bill Bailey preceded Michael Jackson in doing the moonwalk...watch it HERE
The 1955 Buenos Aires event was a mediocre result for Bisguier, but his loss to the great Hungarian GM Laszlo Szabo was instructive because it serves as an example of the difficulties that are sometimes associated with something that happens in almost every game...castling.
Laszlo Szabo–Arthur Bisguier1–0D46Buenos Aires1955Stockfish 15
Semi-Slav 1.d4 d5 2.c4 c6 3.f3 f6 4.c3 e6 5.e3 bd7 6.d3 d6 7.e4 dxe4 8.xe4 xe4 9.xe4 f6 Black has tried a lot of moves here and it is
now known that by far the best move is 9...e5 which gives black excellent
chances. After the text black will experience difficulties. 10.c2 b4+ 11.d2 xd2+ 12.xd2 0-0 This position is highly favorable to white for
positional reasons: he has more space in the center and his B is well placed
for a K-side attack. By comparison black's B is hemmed in behind it's own Ps.
So, the problem for white is to find a way to exploit his advantage. 13.e5 13.0-0 Trifunovic played this against Bisguier in and earlier round and the
game continued c7 in Baumegger,S (2447)-Neff,G (2205) Zwettl AUT 2012 black
tried 13...b6 but got nothing. 14.e3 In Peralta,F (2601)-Sochacki,C (2358)
Arinsal AND 2011 white played 14.c5, but Trifunovic's move is better. b6 15.e5 b8 16.g5 a6 17.b3 c5 18.ad1 Black has been allowed to equalize and
the game was agreed drawn in a few more moves. 13...c7 14.0-0-0 An
excellent move because it brings the R into play and at the same time white
gets his K castled. Note that white's K is in no danger despite castling on
opposite sides because black's attacking chances are almost non-existent. BTW,
CJS Purdy always advised amateurs that their development was not complete
until the Rs have been connected. c5 A routine counterattack, but not the
best. 14...b5 This move enjoys a hearty recommendation from GMs Ludek
Pachman, Stockfish 15, Komodo 14, et al. The idea is that this move secures d5
for his N, but even then white is better. 15.c5 This yields d5 to black and
leaves the d-Pawn backward and on an open file, but a very important trade off
is that black's P structure renders his B incommodious. d5 An interesting
position! Komodo evaluates it as equal, but Pachman and Stockfish think white
is better. Perhaps black could hold the position, but white certainly has the
better prospects. In Shootouts using Stockfish white scored +2 -0 =3. 15.e3 b6 The disadvantage of this move is that it precludes any prospects of black
counterattacking. 15...cxd4 This exchange only facilitates white's attack. 16.xd4 c5 17.g4 g6 18.g5 h5 19.xf7 e5 20.xe5 f5 21.xf5 xf5 22.d8+ xd8 23.xc5 f4 24.e7 c8 25.d1 Black resigned; it's mate in 8.
Blagojevic,D (2531)-Scekic,V (2038) Bar 2006 15...b5 This violent move
should prove unsatisfactory, but it is black's only hope. 16.dxc5 bxc4 17.xc4 b7 18.d6 d5 19.a3 ab8 Depending on white's reply black can
exchange off the N on d6 or try for a counterattack with ...Nd7 and ...a5. In
either case white stands well. 16.dxc5 bxc5 16...xc5 results in an
ending very much in white's favor after 17.xc5 bxc5 Black's c-Pawn is weak
and the proximity of white's K to the center are important factors in white's
favor. 16...b7 leads nowhere. 17.he1 fc8 17...xg2 18.g1 b7 19.xg7+ xg7 20.g5+ h8 21.xf6+ g8 22.g1+ g2 23.xg2# 18.g4 Much
better than capturing on b6. 18.cxb6 axb6 White is better, but black has
some hope because of the open lines on the Q-side. 18...xc5 19.d4 c7 20.g5 h5 21.ed1 white has a dominating (winning) position. 17.g4
The beginning of the winning assault on black's K. b8 18.hg1 b6 18...d7 Hoping to get rid of the dangerous N on e5 is tactically faulty. 19.xd7 xd7 20.d3 g6 21.xd7 fd8 22.d1 f4+ 23.b1 xf2 24.d6 bc8 25.e5
and black is left with no satisfactory defense. f3 26.a3 h6 27.a2 a6 28.h3 f2 29.a4 Black is out of moves. For example... g5 30.c3 e2 31.c2 f2 32.d3 xd7 33.h7+ f8 34.xd7 etc. 19.b3 b7 20.g5 e8 Playing
20...Nd7 was equally hopeless. 20...d7 21.xh7+ Anyway. xh7 22.g6+
wins. 21.xh7+ What a dandy! White mates in 11. xh7 22.h3+ g8 23.g4 It's mate in 9. Stockfish assigns Szabo's play a "very precise"
rating. 23.g4 a5 24.h4 a3+ 25.b1 xb3+ 26.axb3 xb3+ 27.xb3 b7 28.h3 e4+ 29.b2 h7 30.xh7 g6 31.h8+ g7 32.h7# 1–0
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